高速船规范中有关强度衡准的讨论

通过对高速船极限强度状态的分析，讨论了板格的极限强度和两种总纵强度失效模式，给出了对应于两种失效状态下船体梁的极限弯矩计算方法，并结合实例计算分析，对中国船级社有关规范的总纵强度衡准进行了讨论。     

船舶强度研究中的几个问题

提出了船舶强度研究中值得注意的几个问题,（１）船舶砰击动力屈曲,（２）船舶总极限强度;（２）爆炸载荷作用厂舰船加筋板的变形和破损。评述已有的研究成果,提出新的观点。     

再论货驳"843"的总体断裂破坏事故

从营运船舶总强度以及极限总强度的观点出发,重新对货驳"843"的总体断裂破坏事故进行了分析,认为引起该驳断裂破坏的主要原因是总强度储备不足,不合理的卸货方法,船体构件的严重腐蚀,制造中的焊接缺陷以及船底构件的损伤累积等诸多不利因素的综合,导致该驳的总体断裂破坏.     

极限强度在FPSO总纵强度规范校核中的应用

极限强度校核对于FPSO已成为必须的一种总纵强度校核手段。本文结合DNV船级社OS规范,对极限强度校核的基本准则、校核工况、载荷确定、计算步骤以及计算衡准等作了介绍,并对FPSO极限强度不同于常规船舶的特点作了说明。通过利用系数(Usage Factor)的引入,可更方便分析极限强度(尤其是剪切强度)校核的结果,为后续的结构设计提供有效的辅助参考。     

船体梁纵向极限强度研究现状

介绍纵向强度计算的起源以及在实船和缩尺模型上所做的总纵弯曲试验。说明屈曲和屈服对承受纵向弯矩作用下船体梁渐进式压坏行为的影响，并给出实例计算结果。回顾纵向极限承载能力和渐进压坏行为的分析方法及研究工作，提供一些重要结果，并讨论在纵向弯矩下船体渐进式压坏的比较计算和分析。     

UR-S11A对大型集装箱船结构设计的影响研究

国际船级社协会针对集装箱船的新标准UR-S11A已于2016年7月1日正式生效,其对大型集装箱船结构设计的具体影响值得研究。以一艘13 500 TEU集装箱船为例,首先分析了UR-S11A相比UR-S11和劳氏船级社(LR)规范在强度校核上的差异,然后通过对总纵屈服强度、屈曲强度和极限强度的研究分析了新标准对船体结构的影响。结果表明,UR-S11A对在0.3~0.4船长处船体梁的总纵弯曲和极限强度的要求更高,部分纵舱壁板与外板的剪切和屈曲强度以及双层底桁材纵骨的屈曲强度受新规范影响较大。     

再论货驳“843”的总体断裂破坏事故

从营运船舶总强度以及极限总强度的观点出发,重新对货驳“843”的总体断裂破坏事故进行了分析,认为引起该驳断裂破坏的主要原因是总强度储备不足,不合理的卸货方法,船体构件的严重腐蚀,制造中的焊接缺陷以及船底构件的损伤累积等诸多不利因素的综合,导致该驳的总体断裂破坏。     

船舶结构极限强度可靠性分析方法研究

针对船舶总纵极限强度极限状态方程不能以显式表达的实际情况，提出采用响应面与映射变换相结合的方法展开船舶总纵强度可靠性分析，指出相关随机变量在正态化前后相关系数的差异应予以考虑，并应用于实际船舶的计算，验证了理论的合理性。     

船舶碰撞和搁浅后剩余强度可靠性评估

在船舶发生碰和搁浅后,一方面是船体结构承载能力的削弱;另一方面是船舶浮态和外载荷分布的显著变化。基于这样的事实,本文给出了破缶船体外载荷和非对称弯曲极限强度分析方法,比较了基于横剖面模数和基于极限强度的剩余强度衡准,并给出了破损船体结构安全性评估的可行性方法。根据本文提出的方法,对６５０００ｔ散货船在完整状态以及碰撞和搁浅后的船体结构安全性进行了评估,并得了一些有意义的结论。     

甲板稳定性及总纵强度衡准再探讨

在舰船的设计过程中，不少人对《规范》中衡量甲板构件的稳定性和极限强度的衡准都有过某些疑问，但未能用数值给予定量地论证。本文从设计观点出发，提出了甲板构件稳定性的等强度设计观点，即依据《规范》对甲板局部强度和总纵强度衡准的要求，分别对艏、艉和船中区域的甲板构件进行稳定性设计。运用这一新的设计观点，并采用现行的设计方法对《规范》中衡量甲板构件的稳定性和极限强度的衡准再一次进行了探讨。通过分析和数学计算，得到了衡量甲板构件稳定性和艏、艉区域船体极限强度的新的衡准，可定量地与《规范》中的规定进行比较。     

复合材料船体纵向极限承载能力分析

该文利用梁柱理论推导出复合材料梁柱的极限承载能力公式,讨论了加筋板的初始几何缺陷,载荷偏心,蒙皮屈曲后的有效蒙皮宽度对复合材料长帽形加筋板的极限承载能力的影响。利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体甲板或船底板结构视加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力,最后由Smith法来计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。     

核发电船堆舱破损状态极限强度分析

对于核发电船而言,考虑到核反应堆的安全性问题,船体结构即使发生破坏,也要保证整体的强度,所以有必要针对破损后的船体梁进行极限强度分析。在船体剩余极限强度分析中,核反应堆舱所处舱段的极限承载能力是整个核发电船极限强度分析的关键。文章研究的重点集中在核反应堆舱段,在该舱段选取危险剖面进行剩余极限强度分析。同时,采用中和轴偏转的Smith方法对反应堆舱段进行破损船体极限强度计算,并结合HCSR规范对其进行评估。根据该核电船作业海域的海况资料,对其遭遇的波浪载荷进行长期极值预报,进而得出该船破损情况下的设计极限弯矩。结果表明,该船的设计极限弯矩满足规范中的要求,为基于规范的特定海域中的特定船型剩余强度评估提供参考。     

破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析及可靠性评估

在船体发生破损后,其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能倾斜。本文首先对破损船体非对称弯曲进行了弹性和塑性分析,在此基础上假设了破损船体发生整体破坏时的剖面应力分布,给出了破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析方法,并采用了比较精细的方法计算加筋板格的屈曲极限强度。以箱型梁模型和超大型油船为例,将本文的计算结果与试验、ＩＳＵＭ法及解析公式的结果进行了比较。基于破损船体极限强度,结合重要性样本法,对６５,００     

船体结构极限强度模型试验技术研究

船舶结构的极限承载能力是反映船舶结构安全可靠的重要指标,历来受到船舶工程界的广泛关注;而模型试验技术对船体梁极限承载能力研究拥有重要的意义.本文首先对船体极限强度相似模型设计进行研究,提出了稳定性相似模型补偿的设计方法;接着结合多例经典船体梁缩比模型试验与非线性有限元数值仿真计算结果相结合的对船体梁极限承载能力进行预报的案例,分别从相似准则、弯扭组合极限强度、弯剪极限强度等几个不同的侧重点分别对各个案例进行了详细的总结分析;最后列举了本研究组曾开展的其他若干经典极限强度模型试验.为今后船体梁极限承载能力模型试验研究提供了参考.     

考虑腐蚀与疲劳损伤的船体总纵极限强度与可靠性分析

本文定量考虑了腐蚀与疲劳两类损伤对船体结构随时间变化的情况,并建立了船体总纵极限强度与时变可靠性的计算方法。对一条实船的分析说明,腐蚀和疲劳损伤虽然短时间内的破坏并不显著,但积累到一定程度,对船体结构的影响相当大。采用可靠性评估的方法,对船体总纵强度的安全水平可作出合理的评价。     

油船实际装载操作中应校核极限强度

由于船体梁极限强度校核值不需要经船级社认可批准,不必纳入装载手册,仅需在设计阶段进行校核。实际设计工作中设计者会根据各自的需要和经验在结构吃水从出港到到港全程设计不同的中间状态,产生不同的实际操作最大静水弯矩值,供设计阶段校核船体梁极限强度的实际操作最大静水弯矩包络值值不且唯一性。文章以某实船为例进行计算分析,发现中间装载过程对弯矩包络值影响较大,不同的中间过程会产生不同的弯矩包络值,若以其中某组较小包络值作为设计阶段船体梁极限强度校核值,同时在船舶营运实际操作中又不对此船体梁极限强度进行校核,会给实际营运的的船舶带来安全隐患。为防止出现这一问题,建议将船体梁极限强度校核值作为强度衡准放入完工装载手册用以指导船长实际操作,确保所有实际操作状态的弯矩不得超过船体梁极限强度校核值。     

Design safety margin of a 10,000 TEU container ship through ultimate hull girder load combination analysis

Assessment of the ultimate longitudinal strength of hull girders under combined waveloads can be of particular importance especially for ships with large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. In such cases the horizontal and torsional moments may approach or exceed the vertical bending moment when a vessel progresses in oblique seas. This paper presents a direct calculation methodology for the evaluation of the ultimate strength of a 10,000 TEU container ship by considering the combined effects of structural non-linearities and steady state wave induced dynamic loads on a mid ship section cargo hold. The strength is evaluated deterministically using non-linear nite element analysis. The design extreme values of principal global wave-induced load components and their combinations in irregular seaways are predicted using a cross-spectral method together with short-term and long-term statistical formulations. Consequently, the margin of safety between the ultimate capacity and the maximum expected moment is established.     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

破损船体剩余强度衡准研究

本文研究了船体破损非对称淹水和刚度损失引起的船体外载荷变化,并利用破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度计算方法详细分析碰撞、搁浅和爆炸破损对船体极限强度的影响.然后基于破损船体极值载荷和极限强度,给出破损船体剩余强度衡准,并对破损船体临界海况进行预报.