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在隧道施工时,通过监测隧道的拱顶下沉可以判断围岩的稳定状况,从而保证隧道的施工安全。精密水准仪的工作强度高、难度大、挂尺难;虽然全站仪三角高程法测量精度可达毫米级,但在工程中的应用仍然较少。为提高隧道拱顶下沉的监测效率,文章提出了一种用智能隧道激光收敛仪监测隧道拱顶下沉的非接触量测方法,并简述了监测隧道拱顶下沉的测量步骤。通过理论推导分析,实验室内和隧道现场的重复性测量试验表明,智能隧道激光收敛仪监测隧道拱顶下沉的精度可达0.70 mm。在青岛某洞库和敦格铁路当金山隧道施工现场,与DS05精密水准仪和徕卡TS15全站仪的对比监测验证了智能隧道激光收敛仪监测隧道拱顶下沉的精度和稳定性。智能隧道激光收敛仪监测隧道拱顶下沉的方法精度可靠、监测效率高、施工干扰少,还可同时监测隧道周边收敛,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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文章针对京张高铁清华园隧道工程位于城市核心区环境保护要求高、穿越复杂地质地层环境风险高、国内首条单洞双线大直径盾构施工技术难度大等一系列影响和制约隧道高效安全建设的重难点因素,创新提出了基于BIM的信息化施工管理总体解决方案。首先提出了盾构法隧道BIM实施应用准则,为BIM信息化应用提供基础;然后重点深入研究了BIM、图像轻量化、大数据、三维激光扫描、自动监测等关键技术在盾构法隧道施工中的融合创新;最后结合工程实际应用,解决了隧道施工过程中存在的各种重大风险源、安全质量隐患、关键进度节点及资源协调难等重难点问题,提高了参建各方信息化、精细化管理水平,并为探索盾构法隧道工程三维可视化数字档案研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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为研究隧道开挖工法对高陡边坡下隧道洞口区稳定性的影响,文章依托某实际隧道工程,采用FLAC3D软件建立了相应的三维模型,对三台阶法、环形预留核心土法和CRD法开挖施工进行模拟分析,并与现场监测结果进行对比,得到如下结论:(1)对比三种工法开挖时隧道围岩和边坡变形可知,CRD法为最适宜,采用该工法开挖隧道时,洞口区围岩和边坡变形最小;(2)数值模拟所得围岩及边坡变形变化规律与现场监测结果基本一致,故采用数值法进行隧道施工优化具有一定的可行性;(3)为减少隧道开挖对洞口区边坡的影响,采用CRD法进行隧道开挖,结合锚索预加固可有效提高边坡稳定性。 相似文献
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Ingmar Andrasson 《先进运输杂志》1998,32(1):23-34
A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996. 相似文献
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管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一(各因素的分值范围都是0~100分),为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。 相似文献
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The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side. 相似文献
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The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station. 相似文献
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Nicholas B. Taylor 《运输规划与技术》2018,41(1):37-57
ABSTRACTPredicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered. 相似文献
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在公路沥青混凝土路面配合比设计中,矿料配合比设计是一个重要环节。研究发现,通过使用计算机和Excel软件,在各种表格的单元格中设置相应计算公式、宏和绘图步骤,输入各种配合矿料的累计通过百分率后,通过简单的人机对话,完成各种矿料百分含量数据的输入和调整,自动生成各种图表;在质量监督中,通过现场检测混合矿料的级配,输入现场矿料、水泥混合累计通过百分率可自动判定其级配是否合格。 相似文献