基于修正CS模型的船用低碳钢动态力学性能研究

为了得到船用低碳钢的动态力学性能及本构关系,运用静态试验机及分离式Hopkinson压杆加载装置,在应变率为0.000 2~3 900 s-1范围内得到了准静态拉伸及动态压缩条件下的应力应变曲线,对Cowper-Symonds材料模型进行了修正,得到了两种形式的本构关系,并讨论了模型的适用性。结果表明:船用低碳钢具有明显的应变率强化效应和非线性应变硬化效应;两种动态本构关系可以描述材料在冲击荷载下的力学性能;模型在高应变率(2 000 s-1)下的使用应慎重。     

火灾爆炸作用下921A钢力学性能及本构关系

采用万能试验机和霍普金森压杆(SHPB)系统,对火灾爆炸下921A钢高温力学性能及动态力学性能进行研究。基于试验数据,分别拟合Johnson-Cook本构模型、Cowper-Symonds本构模型,修正Cowper-Symonds模型应变硬化项,并通过试验验证了有效性。参考Johnson-Cook本构模型温度项耦合方法,建立综合考虑温度软化效应和应变率强化效应的921A钢本构模型。     

CCS-B船用钢的动态力学性能探究

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验设备,对CCS-B船用钢试件进行了3种不同冲击压力作用下的冲击试验,通过自编程序,得到入射波、反射波和透射波的起点,由三波法计算得到了不同应变率下材料的动态力学性能曲线。通过与材料的静态力学比较分析,表明CCS-B船用钢在中高速冲击载荷作用下,其屈服强度具有应变率敏感性;比较了不同冲击速度下材料的动态力学性能,结果表明材料力学性能与高应变率具有相关性,即材料的屈服强度随应变率的增加而增大。     

船用钢/聚氨酯夹层板动态压缩本构关系研究

基于Ansys/LS-DYNA对SHPB实验技术进行了数值模拟,分析了不同厚度比的钢/聚氨酯夹层板在多种应变率下的动态压缩力学性能,在此基础上分别基于ZWT模型和Johnson-Cook模型建立了此类夹层板的动态压缩本构方程,并对2种方程进行对比分析。研究表明,钢/聚氨酯夹层板对应变率非常敏感,屈服强度随应变率的增大而显著提高;基于Johnson-Cook模型构建的钢/聚氨酯夹层板动态压缩本构方程能比较精确的描述不同厚度比的钢/聚氨酯夹层板在高应变率下的应力应变关系,方程具有一般性且精度较高。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti钢的抗冲击性能实验研究

材料本构关系的准确程度对结构数值仿真分析的结果影响很大。对于受冲击载荷的金属结构,材料特性还与应变率关系密切。通过分别采用Hopkinson压杆实验系统与WDW3050微控电子万能试验机进行了1Cr18Ni9Ti钢的动态与静态性能测试,得到了本构方程的表达式,为后续的结构抗冲击仿真分析提供了较为准确的数据。     

钛合金耐压结构蠕变数值计算方法与试验验证

通过对比分析多种典型蠕变本构模型,考虑应力水平、本构模型、蠕变时间等三个因素的影响,确定了TC4ELI材料钛合金常温压缩蠕变本构方程及其系数,初步建立了钛合金耐压结构蠕变数值计算方法。对钛合金环肋圆柱壳模型开展蠕变数值计算,给出蠕变前后模型的应力、应变和位移的变化情况。结果表明:修正的时间强化模型可以表征钛合金耐压结构初始蠕变阶段和稳态阶段的蠕变特性,能够适用于深海钛合金耐压结构的蠕变计算;产生蠕变变形后钛合金耐压结构应力重新分配,高应力区范围有所扩大,蠕变后弹性应变和总应变均减小;相比于纵向,蠕变对环肋圆柱壳结构的径向变形影响更大。     

船用917钢抗冲击性能试验

无论金属材料或是非金属材料,其力学性能都是与应变率相关的.由于应变率历史效应以及在高速变形条件下产生绝热剪切带等不稳定性因素,使得材料对于高应变率响应的问题变得十分复杂,而一些实验方法则起到了重要作用.材料的本构关系是与水下爆炸等现象仿真研究的精度直接相关的,材料在高应变率下本构关系的确定,对水下爆炸等产生高应变率现象进行仿真研究具有重要意义.本文通过Hopkinson杆装置对船用917低磁钢进行了抗冲击性能研究,并由试验给出了仿真研究中适用的本构关系.     

预应力钢-混凝土组合梁抗扭极限分析

本文根据软化桁架模型理论,通过力及力矩的平衡、变形协调和材料本构关系,得出在扭矩作用下预应力组合梁的受扭强度、扭率、应力、应变、扭转角等一系列方程,最后推导出在扭矩作用下开、闭口截面预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的抗扭极限强度计算公式.     

基于低速Taylor杆实验的应力波效应对船用低碳钢损伤特性的影响

Taylor杆常被用于确定材料动力学行为和损伤特性的常用实验。文章开展了低碳钢的霍普金森压杆实验和缺口拉伸实验,并基于J-C模型和B-W损伤模型确定了船用低碳钢的动力学特性。开展了150-250 m/s速度内的Taylor杆撞击实验的仿真,划分了应力波不同效应的4个阶段,确定了大塑形变形、延性损伤和剪切损伤等3种典型损伤模式。该文为确定船用钢在爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤特性提供了参考。     

船用泡沫铝夹层板在低温下的冲击动态响应研究

泡沫铝夹层板具有良好的动态能量吸收性能,在极地船舶抗冲击防护方面具有巨大的潜在应用前景。文章利用ABAQUS有限元软件,结合准静态拉伸压缩材料试验,建立了船用泡沫铝夹层板的低温动态冲击数值仿真模型,研究了其动态冲击响应与抗冲击性能,并采用Instran 9350落锤冲击试验机对数值仿真模型进行了试验验证。在此基础上,研究了低温和冲击能量对船用泡沫铝夹层板动态冲击响应的影响。结果表明,随着冲击能量的增加,常温和低温条件下船用夹层板的冲击力峰值、最大挠度和最终挠度遵从乘幂增长规律。与常温相比,低温下船用泡沫铝夹层板的面板变形较小,且随着冲击能量的增加,低温的影响更为显著,即船用泡沫铝夹层板在低温下具有更好的抗冲击性能。     

Dynamic hardening behaviors of various marine structural steels considering dependencies on strain rate and temperature

This paper presents a new formula for prediction of the dynamic hardening effect for various marine structural steels, considering dependencies on the strain rates and temperatures. Dynamic tensile tests are carried out for three kinds of marine steels, 2W50, EH36, and DH36, changing the steel layer in the thickness direction, the strain rates, and temperatures. Considering two thickness layers at the middle and surface, five strain rate levels of 0.001/s, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, and 200/s, three temperature levels of LT (−40 °C), RT, and HT (200 °C), and two repetitions, the total number of tests is 180. Dynamic hardening is clearly seen at LT and RT regardless of the material type, while dynamic strain aging occurs at HT, leads to negative strain rate sensitivity, and thus elevates the quasi-static flow stress above the dynamic flow stress to a certain strain rate. Dynamic hardening factors (DHFs) are derived as a function of the proof strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 according to each material type and temperature level. A new formula to determine the material constant D of Cowper–Symonds constitutive equation is developed. The correctness of the proposed formula is verified through comparison with test flow stress curves and reference test data in large plastic strain and high strain rate ranges.     

450MPa级船体钢焊缝疲劳试验研究

通过对450MPa级船体用钢母体试件、焊缝试件在波浪随机载荷和均方根等效载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展规律的试验和模拟计算，结果表明用均方根等效载荷替代波浪随机载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展规律是一种安全有效的方法，并且焊缝金属在抵御疲劳裂纹扩展方面优于母材金属。     

Towards a unified methodology for the simulation of rupture in collision and grounding of ships

The aim of the work is the definition of a procedure for the numerical simulation of the response of ship structures under accidental loading conditions, which suffer various different modes of failure, such as tension, bending, tearing and crushing and in particular to investigate the effect of material modeling, i.e. material curve and rupture criterion as well as mesh size and strain rate effect on the results. To this end, different material models and simulation techniques were used for the simulation of eighteen indentation tests conducted by different research groups. The simulations were performed using the explicit finite element code ABAQUS 6.10-2. The tests refer to the quasi-static and dynamic transverse and in-plane loading of various thin walled structures which represent parts of a ship structure. Three rupture criteria are incorporated into VUMAT subroutine, which interacts with the explicit finite element code and refers to an isotropic hardening material that follows the J₂ flow theory assuming plane stress conditions, in order to investigate the prediction and propagation of rupture. The focus is on investigating whether it is possible to define a unified methodology, which is appropriate for the simulation of all different tests. Consistency in the numerical results is observed with the use of an equivalent plastic strain criterion, in which formulation a cutoff value for triaxialities below −1/3 is included.     

半潜式钻井平台用钢DH36安定行为试验研究

为了给半潜式钻井平台的安全性和寿命评价提供可靠试验依据,在室温下对半潜式钻井平台用钢DH36钢进行了考虑加载波形、加载速率和应力比影响的多工况单轴棘轮安定试验。结果表明:循环硬化速率随循环周次的增加快速下降,在低于某一值的循环应力作用下,应变将最终趋于棘轮饱和状态;正弦应力波比三角波更快地趋于安定,采用较低的加载速率可以加速材料趋向饱和棘轮状态;峰值应力固定不变时,棘轮应变对应力比历史无明显的记忆性;波形和加载速率对饱和棘轮应变的影响有限,饱和棘轮应变随着应力峰值的增加而增大。     

船舶横移运动的操作及转心位置变化规律的探讨

通过对几种船舶横移运动的操纵方法与理论研究，得出结论：船舶操纵中横移运动与转心位置变化规律的关系，即在航船舶的转心位置与流速和船首转向有关，不论船舶上、下水航行，只要航速相等或接近相等，当船首顺流转向时，转心后移；船首逆流转向时，转心前移。这一规律在船舶系离泊与避碰操纵中应充分应用。     

船舶上层建筑端部应力状态试验研究

本文针对某船舯部上层建筑端部在航行中出现裂纹这一现象，运用相似理论设计了大比尺钢结构模型进行试验研究，测试了四种端部结构型式在同一载荷作用下端壁下缘垂向应力和水平应力以及端壁附近甲板的应力分布规律，得出了一些有价值的结论。     

Simplified analytical method for evaluating web girder crushing during ship collision and grounding

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the crushing resistance of web girders subjected to local static or dynamic in-plane loads. A new theoretical model, inspired by existing simplified approaches, is developed to describe the progressive plastic deformation behaviour of web girders. It is of considerable practical importance to estimate the extent of structural deformation within ship web girders during collision and grounding accidents. In this paper, new formulae to evaluate this crushing force are proposed on the basis of a new folding deformation mode. The folding deformation of web girders is divided into two parts, plastic deformation and elastic buckling zones, which are not taken into account for in the existing models. Thus, the proposed formulae can well express the crushing deformation behaviour of the first and subsequent folds. They are validated with experimental results of web girder found in literature and actual numerical simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The elastic buckling zone, which absorbs almost zero energy, is captured and confirmed by the numerical results. In addition, the analytical method derives expressions to estimate the average strain rate of the web girders during the impact process and evaluates the material strain rate sensitivity with the Cowper-Symonds constitutive model. These adopted formulae, validated with an existing drop weight impact test, can well capture the dynamic effect of web girders.