"治超"进行时--"治超"近期动态综述

全国集中治超工作取得重要成效 记者在9月21日召开的全国交通系统治理车辆超限超载办公室主任座谈会上了解到,自去年6月20日以来,在国家各有关部门和广大一线执法人员的共同努力下,全国集中治超工作取得了重要成效.     

计重收费"经济"治超

随着货运车辆计重收费在江苏、河南等七省份的成功实施和范围的进一步扩大,交通部印发的<关于收费公路通行载货车辆试行计重收费的指导意见>(交公路发[2005]492号)为规范和指导计重收费工作提供了政策依据,2006年3月召开的全国治超电视电话会议明确指出"要开展收费公路计重收费工作".未来一段时间,货车辆计重收费将在全国范围逐步推开.     

公路"治超"与执法成本

加大路面检查力度,对超载车辆处以重罚,是一个办法,但却不是治本之策.而且,我们出台一项执法举措,也不能不考虑执法成本,不能不考虑执法成本与执法效果之间的关系.     

对"治超"工作的几点思考

近几年,各部门重拳出击,采取查处超员和超限、超载车辆,计重收费、重核车辆出厂技术参数等举措,对搞好道路交通安全,避免公路恶性损坏起了很大作用。但是也应该看到,"治超"在带来积极效果的同时,也带来一些"负面"效应,值得我们认真总结思考。     

回望治超

治超不易,数年如一日。目前,相关研究和调研还在持续,计重收费呼声渐高。经过多年治理后回头遥望,超载之因深且厚,超载之治苦且难,不免让笔者生发许多感慨。     

"治超"--一曲回荡在中国大地上的"四面楚歌"

2004年6月20日9时,在全国治超工作领导小组和各地政府统一部署下,各级交通、公安等部门协同配合,全国约有20万名执法人员进入执法岗位,全面展开治理车辆超限超载的统一行动.这一阶段对超限超载车辆进行集中治理的措施主要有四项:一是清理"大吨小标"车辆,恢复标准吨位.二是整顿车辆非法改装企业.三是集中开展路面治理工作.四是降低运输成本,调节利益关系.我国力争用一年时间,使车辆超限超载、"大吨小标"和非法改装车辆问题得到有效遏制:用三年时间从根本上解决超限超载问题.     

罚钱不如"罚睡"

疲劳驾驶者,"罚睡"一觉后养足精神再上路.这招儿不错.听说2006年春节长假,超过4000名贵州司机被"罚睡".     

Trip chaining as a barrier to the propensity to use public transport

Trip chaining is a growing phenomenon in travel and activity behaviour. Individuals increasingly seek out opportunities to minimise the amount of travel required as part of activity fulfilment, given the competing demands on time budgets and their valuation of travel time savings. This search for ways of fulfilling (more) activities with less travel input has produced a number of responses, one of which is trip chaining. A particularly important policy implication of trip chaining is the potential barrier it creates in attracting car users to switch to public transport. This paper seeks to improve our understanding of trip chaining as a barrier to public transport use. A series of discrete choice models are estimated to identify the role that socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households have on the propensity to undertake trip chains of varying degrees of simplicity/complexity that involve use of the car or public transport with an embedded commuting or non-commuting primary purpose. Multinomial logit, nested logit and random parameter logit models are developed and contrasted to establish the gains in relaxing the strict conditions of the multinomial logit model.     

Allocation of funds to public transport investment and operating support

This paper reviews the present levels of operating support to, and public investment in, public transport systems in Western Europe. All internal bus, tram and rail services are included, and estimates made for total support in Britain, Sweden, West Germany, the Netherlands and France. To make comparison meaningful, these are shown in relation to GDP and traffic carried. Support levels in Britain are below average, but by no means the lowest as sometimes assumed. Reasons for providing support are considered, including existence of financial burdens arising historically, assistance to particular groups of users, problems in price discrimination and inability of other modes' charges to reflect costs. The extent to which support payments may merely subsidise inefficiency is outlined. A distinction is drawn between productive efficiency, i.e. the resources used to provide a specified level of service and fare, and allocative efficiency, i.e. the extent to which resources are allocated so as to maximise traffic, etc. The extent for reducing support yet retaining the present general level of service and fare is considered.Means of raising finance for support are outlined, including relative roles of central and local government. The scope of local taxes being raised to meet local objectives is considered, notably in the French versement transport: In conclusion, it is suggested that trunk inter-city services should cover all costs from fares, by a discriminatory pricing policy, but central government provide a basic support level for rural areas. In urban areas, practical limits exist to price discrimination, and the best policy may be collective purchase of facilities through a local tax.     

An application of the directional distance function with the number of accidents as an undesirable output to measure the technical efficiency of state road transport in India

By using the directional distance function (DDF) of data envelopment analysis (DEA), this study measures the technical efficiency of 37 Indian state road transport undertakings (SRTUs) for the year 2012–13. We employ the DDF as a tool for analyzing a joint production function with both desirable and undesirable outputs (i.e., the number of accidents). A comparison between the results with and without accidents shows that several SRTUs have experienced significant changes in their efficiency scores as well as in their rankings after accounting for the undesirable output. This indicates the importance of including the number of accidents – a safety standard – as representative of the undesirable output in computing the efficiency scores of SRTUs. The results of the Tobit model indicate that SRTUs with greater vehicle productivity are more efficient under both conventional DEA and DDF approaches. We also employed zero-truncated negative binomial model to assess the factors influencing the number of road accident experienced by the Indian SRTUs and found that the accident count was significantly influenced by fleet utilization and vehicle productivity.     

To compete or not compete: exploring the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing,motorcycle taxis,and public transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area

Transportation - In the last decade, the emergence of ride-sourcing services has transformed personal trip behavior. In the context of Indonesia, ride-sourcing services have evolved into two modes...     

A mixed methods approach to the social assessment of transport infrastructure projects

Transportation - In this paper, we propose a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach to capture fully the measurable and less tangible social impacts of transport projects on local...     

Optimization of transport investment and pricing policies: the role of transport pricing in network design

This paper investigates the role of transport pricing in network design and describes two facts about flow pattern in a transportation system. The first, illustrated by an example of Braess paradox, is that adding a new link to the network does not necessarily minimize the total travel time. The second is that introducing of appropriate toll pricing may reduce not only the total network time but also the travel time for each individual traveller. It follows with the investigations of different system objectives and different pricing policies (only toll pricing and distance‐based pricing are considered), and shows how they affect the system performance and flow pattern. Lastly, a systematic optimization process is proposed for integrated planning of transport network and pricing policies.     

Incorporating equity as part of the wider impacts in transport infrastructure assessment: an application of the SUMINI approach

The state of the art in appraisal of transport infrastructure (particularly for developed countries) is moving towards inclusivity of a set of wider impacts than has traditionally been the case. In appraisal frameworks generally Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), features as either an alternative to, or complementary with, Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) particularly when assessing a wider set of distributional and other impacts. In that respect it goes some way towards addressing an identified weakness in conventional CBA. This paper proposes a new method to incorporate the wider impacts into the appraisal framework (SUMINI) based upon a composite indicator and MCA. The method is illustrated for a particular example of the wider set of impacts, i.e. equity, through the ex-post assessment of two large EU transport infrastructure (TEN-T) case studies. The results suggest that SUMINI assesses equity impacts well and the case studies highlight the flexibility of the approach in reflecting different policy or project objectives. The research concludes that this method should not be viewed as being in competition with traditional CBA, but that it could be an easily adopted and complementary approach. The value in the research is in providing a new and significant methodological advance to the historically difficult question of how to evaluate equity and other wider impacts. The research is of strong international significance due to the publication of the TEN-Ts review by the European Commission, as well as the transnational nature of large scale interurban transport schemes, the involvement of national and transnational stakeholder groups in the approval and funding of those schemes, the large numbers of population potentially subject to equity and other wider impacts and the degree of variation in the regional objectives and priorities for transport decision makers.     

公路运输业迈向快速、长途、重载

2005年,我国国民经济继续保持高位增长,国内生产总值将超过15万亿元.对外开放进一步扩大,预计2005年进出口总额将超过13800亿美元,比2000年的4743亿美元增长1.9倍.作为对外贸易商品运输的大动脉,全国公路总里程超过190万公里,其中高速公路里程超过4万公里.