Progress of optically encoded microspheres for multiplexed assays

New initiatives put forward by clinical diagnosis require the development of technologies for high throughput screening （HTS） of multiple analytes. Suspension arrays have great advantages over the planar array- based multiplexing assays, and the encoded bead is the key for providing multiplexing capability. Among various encoding strategies, optically encoded microspheres have been widely used while the number of codes is still limited. This review discusses the progress of optical encoding strategy from mainly three aspects, namely organic dyes, quantum dots （QDs） and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） active substrates. Emphases are put up on describing how these optical encoded microbeads are manufactured and the merits and demerits of different encoding materials are compared.     

考虑损耗时拉曼放大泵浦光的偏振效应

利用高非线性和较大吸收损耗的光子晶体光纤制作光纤拉曼放大器,是当前的一种趋势,这导致泵浦光非线性旋转效应明显增强．本文在考虑吸收损耗条件下,研究了泵浦光的非线性旋转问题,首次得出了连续光条件下的解析解．结果表明,输入线偏振光与圆偏振光都不会产生非线性旋转,只有椭圆偏振光才有非线性旋转．旋转是绕着邦加球的纬线进行,s3保持不变．随着吸收损耗的增加,有效长度变小,相对的旋转速度变慢．这表明,如果光纤对于泵浦光的吸收越强,越有利于拉曼放大．     

A study of single-walled carbon nanotubes modified by organics of the phthalocyanine category

Organics of the phthalocyanine category have very good nonlinear optical properties. The single-walled carbon nanotubes were modified by using the phenoxy phthalocyanine. Characterization analysis was made by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultraviolet visible absorptive spectra, fluorescent spectra and Raman spectra. Under the TEM, it was observed that the composite looked like sugarcoated haws. By comparing the ultraviolet visible absorptive spectra before and after absorption, it was disclosed that the spectral intensity and the intensity of the peaks in the fluorescent spectra dropped remarkably. This shows that the single-walled carbon nanotubes have absorbed a large number of phenoxy phthalocyanines. Raman analysis revealed that in the Raman spectra, the position of the main peaks of the single-walled carbon nanotubes after absorption moved in the direction of long waves. The analysis suggests that the movement of the Raman spectra results from the change in the state of the single-walled carbon nanotubes before and after absorption.     

A Solution Processable Flexible Transparent Conductive Graphene/PEDOT: PSS Film Fabricated by Spin and Blade Coating

Flexible transparent conductive films were made on PET substrates by spin and blade coating, using graphene sheets dispersed in PEDOT: PSS solution. Ultrasonic substrate vibration was used to improve microstructure and properties of the films. Comparing to the pristine PEDOT: PSS film, the sheet resistance is 3 to 4 orders of magnitude lower with the addition of graphene. The conductivity and reproducibility of the film are improved for two-layer films comparing to one-layer films, with a reduction in transparency. Films prepared with substrate vibration showed lower sheet resistance for one-layer films, as the size of dewetting areas is reduced. In addition, large-area flexible films with desirable conductivity and transmittance were successfully fabricated by blade coating, which is promising, as the process is low-cost, scalable and compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing.     

铁路轨道几何参数捷联惯性测量基准的建立

为建立高精度铁路轨道几何参数的测量基准,针对传统陀螺稳定平台的不足,研究了基于捷联惯性技术的轨道几何参数测量基准的建立方法.通过分析轨道超高的基本测量原理,指出高精度姿态矩阵的解算是基于捷联惯性技术建立轨道几何参数测量基准的关键.为此,根据刚体运动学理论,建立了列车运动姿态、位置和速度微分方程;采用基于旋转矢量和四元数的方法分析了姿态矩阵解算中姿态、位置和速度的计算问题;采用多子样算法对姿态计算中的“圆锥误差”、速度计算中的“划桨误差”进行了补偿.仿真结果表明,基于多子样算法的捷联惯性基准建立方法能有效减小惯性测量系统随时间累积的计算误差,显著提高系统的精度.     

Click模块化IPv6路由器性能测试方法研究

可重构路由器具有开放的体系结构,可以灵活重构,具有良好的可扩展性.Click提供了一种可重构路由开发软件平台,其基于构件的模块化特性使其在配置路由器及性能测试方面高效、灵活.文中给出了基于Click的模块化路由器性能测试方法,并设计了路由器性能测试的收发包Click结构,应用Click构件对模块化Click IPv6路由器的吞吐量、丢包率及时延进行测试.测试的方法方便灵活,且可用于可重构路由器模块和整体性能的测试.     

电网谐波对电能计量的影响

为降低电力运营成本,以配网谐波为研究对象,分析谐波对电能计量的影响,并讨论了谐波情况下电能计量方式对供、用电双方的影响,提出了针对性的电能计量方法,分析了有效的电能计量方式所带来的节能效益。     

Improvement of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis for Study of Corm Formation Related Proteins in vitro from Taro (Colocasia esculenta)

It is an important step in understanding a bio-logical activity to profile proteins and peptides incells and tissues[1]. Two-dimensional polyacry-lamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) is very use-ful method for separating complex protein mix-tures[2]. Because of high resolution, improved re-producibility of 2D-PAGE with immobilized pHgradients, it has become one of the standard proce-dures for proteome research. Proteomic analyses are now emerged in manyareas of plant biology, such as genet…     

灭蚊、驱蚊植物及其活性成分研究的挑战与机会

综述了灭蚊、驱蚊植物及其活性成分的研究概况.指出,蚊是乙型脑炎、疟疾、登革热、黄热病、丝虫病、西尼罗热、黑热病等烈性传染病的传播媒介,它对广泛使用的除虫菊酯类杀虫剂已产生了很强的抗性,高效灭蚊、驱蚊剂的研制已刻不容缓.将植物产生的天然活性物质直接用于蚊虫控制或对从植物中发现结构新颖的灭蚊、驱蚊先导化合物进行结构优化,开发出具有全新结构和作用机理的新型灭蚊、驱蚊剂的研究方法在国内外日益受到重视.充分利用独特的自然资源、采取更先进的实验手段和多样化的分离技术、运用更灵敏高效的生物活性测定方法,将有助于提高筛选效率、减少漏筛现象,从而获得更多发现植物中灭蚊、驱蚊有效活性成份的机会.     

水泥混凝土路面断板原因及防治

水泥混凝土路面具有承载能力强、稳定性好、使用寿命长、日常养护费用少等特点,是高等级、重交通公路主要采用的路面型式,但水泥混凝土路面经常出现断板现象。鉴于此,结合施工实践对其成因、预防措施、处治进行探讨,对于类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

北京市隧道下穿施工引起城市路面沉降的影响规律回归分析

以朝阳区某热力工程顶管隧道引起路面沉降问题为例,对比分析了现场实测值与仅考虑自然因素的理论计算值;以北京市279个隧道下穿道路工程为样本,应用Stata 14.0统计软件对影响路面沉降的4项设计因素、3项施工因素和9项人为因素开展了多元回归分析,并采用替换施工方法、增减解释变量的方法验证了回归分析的稳健性,获得了各因素影响路面沉降的弹性系数、标准误及置信等级。研究结果表明:实际工程路面沉降的实测值与理论计算值相差很大,与路面是否有移动荷载、隧道上覆土体厚度等相关,最大可达3.75倍;在自然因素中,地层条件、施工方法、路面移动荷载和隧道直径的影响显著,影响程度依次降低;在人为因素中,监理旁站的影响极为显著,而施工人员工作年限、是否有技术交底等也有明显影响;在采用非开挖技术施工下穿道路工程时,不仅要通过减少人工顶管、加快施工速度、加强同步注浆来减小路面沉降,还应当高度重视施工方法与工艺、人员组织、过程监管。研究结果可为隧道下穿城市道路施工的技术管理、安全评估和行政审批提供参考。      

桥梁施工测量技术

桥梁施工的测量工作是对于技术和精准度要求非常高的工作,确保桥梁施工测量的精准度可以有效的节约施工成本,提高桥梁的工程质量,因此在桥梁施工测量工程中必须要有精益求精的工作态度.特别是涉及到桥梁承载能力的结构部件时,一旦测量精准程度过低就会留下严重的安全隐患.鉴于此,对平面控制系统、高程控制网、桥梁GPS控制网、测量方案、墩台沉降观测等桥梁测量技术进行细致阐述,希望能够为今后桥梁施工测量起到一定的技术指导作用.     

基于光纤光栅的锚端预应力传感器的研究

针对传统检测方法长期稳定性差、信号不能远距离传输等缺点，基于光线光栅的优点，以及预应力钢绞线的特殊结构和复杂工作情况，本文提出了基于光纤光栅的预应力锚端传感测试方案，进行了光纤光栅锚端预应力传感器的研究，实验表明该传感器重复性好，测量精度高，可以满足预应力锚端监测的需要。     

多功能环保型挖泥船挖深测量系统研究

文章对用于船道疏浚的多功能环保型挖泥船作业深度测量系统进行了研究,开发了基于ucos-ii及UCGUI的嵌入式实时测量系统。对整个系统从测量原理、软、硬件组成及程序功能模块进行了较深入的阐述,并以挖泥作业为例,进一步介绍了系统的操作,实际应用结果表明系统是可靠的。     

一种简便的测定精子顶体酶的方法——固定明胶底物薄膜法

基于精子顶体酶的溶蛋白特性,我们建立了一种简便的检测精子顶体酶活性的方法。此法以固定明胶薄膜为底物来显示精子顶体酶的活性。本实验用此法测定了三种哺乳类动物精子的顶体酶,结果表明,该法简便、可靠,并且可连续观察单个顶体酶的活性反应,很适合于用作临床男性不孕症检查的常规方法。     

某493自然进气柴油机性能研究

针对某493型自然进气柴油机主要动力性指标不足,烟度、燃油消耗率严重超标的现象,分析柴油机性能的影响因素,通过一系列的对比试验分析,得出喷油器突出高度、缸体冷却效果、喷油泵500r／min时的供油量、台架测量的准确性是主要影响因素,缸盖进气参数也对其产生一定的影响。试验表明,经过相应改进,某493发动机的动力性指标、油耗、烟度排放等明显改善,达到了出厂要求。     

STUDY ON MAXIMUM SPECIFIC SLUDGE ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE BY BATCH TESTS

IntroductionGranular sludge UASB (Up- flow AnaerobicSludge Bed) reactor is the most widely used anaer-obic waste water treatmentreactor in the world.Itbelongs to the second generation of modern anaero-bic reactor. EGSB(Expanded Granular SludgeBed) reactor is an even higher efficient anaerobicwastewater treatment reactor,which is developedin the past ten years based on the UASB technolo-gy.It belongs to the third generation of modernanaerobic reactor. EGSB includes two kinds oftypes:I…     

STUDY ON MAXIMUM SPECIFIC SLUDGE ACIVITY OF DIFFERENT ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE BY BATCH TESTS

The maximum specific sludge activity of granular sludge from large-scale UASB, IC and Biobed anaerobic reactors were investigated by batch tests. The limitation factors related to maximum specific sludge activity (diffusion, substrate sort, substrate concentration and granular size) were studied. The general principle and procedure for the precise measurement of maximum specific sludge activity were suggested. The potential capacity of loading rate of the IC and Biobed anaerobic reactors were analyzed and compared by use of the batch tests results.     

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鉴于对国家公路系统进行全面评价的方法耗费太大，一般采用抽样方法来评价路面粗糙度，这涉及到很多实际因素．尽管分层随机抽样的方法已经在干线和一般的集散系统得到利用，它仍有很大的发展空间．本文在提出多个针对路面条件的随机变量的基础上，通过改变路面粗糙度分布的基本假定来改进抽样方法，为路面粗糙度的估计建立了一个整体的框架．论文简要介绍了简单随机抽样、分层随机抽样方式，通过分析说明后者能够对路面网络的粗糙度样本提供更全面的估计，而且其偏差更小．论文进一步讨论了以精确估计为基础的良好分层带来的影响．结果表明，在交通网络上可找到一种独特的优化分层方法．根据分析结果，本文定义了该改进分层方法．     

员工建言行为对组织引进型管理创新的影响研究

知识经济时代为人们带来了舒适的生活体验,却也将企业推向了一个更为激烈的竞争环境。为了应对持续动态变化的竞争环境,企业必须不断地做出改变积极面对。本文在对现有文献的整理、分析和归纳的基础上,从员工的视角出发,立足于引进型管理创新的研究,旨在探讨员工建言行为对组织引进型管理创新的影响机理。