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近年来,随着汽车保有量持续增加,道路交通事故发生率也逐年上升。汽车安全性能也得到社会各方面的普遍关注。汽车安全性通常分为主动安全性和被动安全性。被动安全性包括合理的车身结构安全性和乘员约束系统。车身结构件变形吸收能量以减轻对乘员的冲击,利用乘员约束系统最大限度地保护乘员并减轻乘员和车内部件发生二次碰撞可能造成的“二次伤害”。汽车被动安全性能是在事故发生时,最大限度地减少乘员的伤害。汽车事故主要有正面碰撞、侧面碰撞、追尾碰撞和车辆滚翻等。美国是最早制定正面碰撞安全法规(FHVSS208)国家。1999年美国NHTSA统计,汽车碰撞事故中,正面碰撞约占49%,侧面碰撞约占25%,追尾碰撞约占22%,汽车碰撞试验重点是正面碰撞。 为了满足强制性碰撞法规,法规要求需配备安全气囊系统,为车内乘员在车辆发生正面碰撞时提供更好的保护。如果没有安全气囊,即使使用了安全带的乘员,特别是驾驶员,在严重的碰撞中,他们的头部、脚部、颈部也会与汽车内饰发生碰撞,安全气囊对降低正 相似文献
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衡量车辆的安全性能好不好,不能由厂家自己说了算,要经过试验验证。其中“汽车碰撞安全性能试验”就是主要项目之一,也是人们最关注的试验项目,因为车祸大部分都是碰撞,这个测试结果基本反映了汽车对乘员和行人的安全程度。在不久前公布的C—NCAP碰撞测试车型中,汉兰达经历了正面100%碰撞试验,40%偏置碰撞试验,以及车身侧面碰撞试验。汉兰达最终凭借出色安全性能轻松获得五星成绩。 相似文献
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汽车侧面碰撞安全性研究探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
随着我国汽车碰撞安全性研究的不断发展和国内汽车碰撞试验水平的提高,有关汽车侧面碰撞安全性的法规也开始准备颁布实施。本文主要论述我国开展汽车侧面碰撞研究的重要性,并进行FMVSS214和ECER95侧面碰撞法规的对比分析,介绍FMVSS214和ECER95法规中移动壁变形壁障的几何尺寸及其力学性能要求。最后概述抗侧面碰撞的车身结构设计与改进方法。 相似文献
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Jorge Ambr sio 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2005,43(6):385-411
The main goal of crashworthiness is to ensure that vehicles are safer for occupants, cargo and other road or rail users. The crash analysis of vehicles involves structural impact and occupant biomechanics. The traditional approaches to crashworthiness not only do not take into account the full vehicle dynamics, but also uncouple the structural impact and the occupant biomechanics in the crash study. The most common strategy is to obtain an acceleration pulse from a vehicle structural impact analysis or experimental test, very often without taking into account the effect of suspensions in its dynamics, and afterwards feed this pulse into a rigid occupant compartment that contains models of passengers. Multibody dynamics is the most common methodology to build and analyse vehicle models for occupant biomechanics, vehicle dynamics and, with ever increasing popularity, structural crash analysis. In this work, the aspects of multibody modelling relevant to road and rail vehicles and to occupant biomechanical modelling are revised. Afterwards, it is shown how multibody models of vehicles and occupants are used in crash analysis. The more traditional aspects of vehicle dynamics are then introduced in the vehicle models in order to appraise their importance in the treatment of certain types of impact scenarios for which the crash outcome is sensitive to the relative orientation and alignment between vehicles. Through applications to the crashworthiness of road and of rail vehicles, selected problems are discussed and the need for coupled models of vehicle structures, suspension subsystems and occupants is emphasized. 相似文献
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通过对道路分隔栏的实际应用情况与车辆碰撞事故特征分析,在借鉴国内外相关规范的基础上,从碰撞车型、碰撞质量、碰撞速度、碰撞角度、碰撞点位置等因素出发,结合分隔栏事故特征和车辆乘员安全指标,研究确定了道路分隔栏的碰撞试验参数与安全性能评价标准,并利用该试验参数和评价标准,通过有限元仿真技术手段对目前常见的道路分隔栏结构进行了安全性能评价。研究表明:在车辆碰撞分隔栏的事故中,事故车辆主要为小型客车,且分隔栏杆侵入乘员舱造成人员伤害的案例较多,而其他类型伤害较少,因此分隔栏在实际使用中应主要考察车辆碰撞时分隔栏及其构件因为刺入乘员舱对乘员伤害的可能;在1.5 t小客车以60 km/h速度正碰条件下,某常用道路分隔栏的横向杆件侵入了车辆乘员舱,其安全性能不满足评价标准要求。研究成果为道路分隔栏安全性能评价标准的制定提供了一定借鉴作用。 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(2):163-181
SUMMARY Recent research on autonomous highway vehicles has begun to focus on lateral control strategies. The initial work has focused on vehicle control during low-g maneuvers at constant vehicle speed, typical of lane merging and normal highway driving. In this paper, and its companion paper, to follow, the lateral control of vehicles during high-g emergency maneuvers is addressed. Models of the vehicle dynamics are developed, showing the accuracy of the different models under low and high-g conditions. Specifically, body roll, tire and drive-train dynamics, tire force saturation, and tire side force lag are shown to be important effects to include in models for emergency maneuvers. Current controllers, designed for low-g maneuvers only, neglect these effects. The follow on paper demonstrates the performance of lateral controllers during high-g lateral emergency maneuvers using these vehicle models. 相似文献
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Effects of Model Complexity on the Performance of Automated Vehicle Steering Controllers: Model Development, Validation and Comparison 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dirk E. Smith John M. Starkey 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1995,24(2):163-181
Recent research on autonomous highway vehicles has begun to focus on lateral control strategies. The initial work has focused on vehicle control during low-g maneuvers at constant vehicle speed, typical of lane merging and normal highway driving. In this paper, and its companion paper, to follow, the lateral control of vehicles during high-g emergency maneuvers is addressed. Models of the vehicle dynamics are developed, showing the accuracy of the different models under low and high-g conditions. Specifically, body roll, tire and drive-train dynamics, tire force saturation, and tire side force lag are shown to be important effects to include in models for emergency maneuvers. Current controllers, designed for low-g maneuvers only, neglect these effects. The follow on paper demonstrates the performance of lateral controllers during high-g lateral emergency maneuvers using these vehicle models. 相似文献
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Aerodynamics of Road- and Rail Vehicles 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S. R. Ahmed R. G. Gawthorpe P. -A. Mackrodt 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1985,14(4):319-392
The technical state-of-the-art of aerodynamics of ground transportation vehicles is reviewed. Currently available theoretical calculation methods and experimental simulation techniques as well as typical results illustrating the impact of aerodynamics on vehicle performance and running characteristics are summarized and the interactions between vehicle system dynamics and aerodynamics are adressed. Correlation of theoretical and experimental data show the present potential of vehicle aerodynamics and point to fields in which further research work is necessary. 相似文献
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发展新能源汽车,是我国从汽车大国迈向汽车强国的必由之路,是应对气候变化、推动绿色发展的战略举措。增程式电动汽车作为串联混动的一种,发动机在该车辆上不直接驱动车辆,仅驱动发电机发电为车辆提供电能,相对于传统车及其他混动车型发动机,其工作点及车辆控制策略都更为简单,凭借这一特点,增程式电动汽车在新能源的舞台占据一席之地。文章列举了中国市场出现的几款典型的增程式电动汽车,并对其工作模式、性能参数及市场表现进行详细分析,从而对增程式电动汽车在中国市场未来的发展进行预测。 相似文献
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邓展伟 《内蒙古公路与运输》2020,(1):8-12
为更加适应最新规范在路面结构设计中分析交通轴载对路面使用性能的影响,采用WIM(车辆动态称重技术)获取2015~2017年内蒙古西部地区高速公路22个代表性断面车辆的动态称重数据,分析了各类车各个轴型其轴载谱参数,得到内蒙古西部地区高速公路上2、3、7、9、10类5种车型所占的比例高达95%;各类车的单轴单胎的轴数系数均很大,其中6类车和10类车能达到2.00;8种车型的月分布系数存在较大的区别且同一类型车辆存在差异变化;不同车型在各条高速公路中交通量小时分布系数差异性非常大,其中8~10类大型货车主要集中在夜间行驶,晚间0:00以后交通量达到最大值;8~10类车中三联轴的超载情况比较严重,轴载谱右边的峰值所占的比例明显要比左边的峰值高。 相似文献
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矿区环境复杂,电传动矿用汽车的轮边电机传动系统对整车动力性、制动性及平顺性有极大影响,为了综合路面激励和电机自身激励综合分析驱动系统动态特性,采用数值仿真软件建立轮边电机传动系统模型,分析其在启动加速、平稳运行及制动时的动态特性,为了验证模型的准确性进行了实车实验.结果表明该轮边电机传动系统的输出转矩发生考虑波动转矩后... 相似文献