Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

新型快餐盒模拟铁路现场野外曝露试验

对三种材质、六种工艺、两种降解类型快餐盒的模拟铁路现场野外曝露试验表明，按１９９５年工艺生产的光一生物降解聚丙烯餐盒，在野外阳光等因素作用下，能较快地碎化、粉化，易为野外环境自然消纳，减容效果明显；纸制餐盒的生物降解性明显，回收价值高。该两类快餐盒较适合铁路目前使用。     

基于试验的自动变速器故障诊断分析

通过现有的失速试验、时滞试验、油压试验、道路试验、故障码扫描等多种试验方法，可在变速器解体之前获得故障信息。在深入分析自动变速器结构及各元件功能的基础上，将各种试验进行合理的逻辑组合，对获得的故障信息进行逻辑分析，最终可将故障源限定在最小的范围之内。分析探讨了这种方法的可行性。     

自动变速器故障的功能分析法

功能分析法，即是通过对变速器各部分结构元件工作原理的分析，了解它们在整个系统中的作用，在此基础上分析得出各结构元件失效将产生的后果，并将故障现象与可能的故障源建立一一对应的联系，最后总结归纳出故障源群组的方法。它能较全面地概括出自动变速器可能产生的各类故障，为准确诊断自动变速器故障创造了有利条件。     

轿车覆盖件成型过程动态仿真有限元建模技术研究

研究了轿车覆盖件冲压成型过程动态仿真中的有限元建模问题，比较了可用于覆盖件成型分析的几类单元；讨论了单元的选取和单元划分的若干原则。并结合Santana2000型轿车侧框和NUMISHEET’96的S－Rail标准考题，说明了有限元仿真模型对成型仿真结果的影响。     

特种越野车关键部件疲劳分析方法的探索

通过对某特种越野车进行道路试验,获取不同工况下关键部件动应力的时域、频域信息;在此基础上,对传统时域疲劳分析方法和频域的各种不同疲劳分析方法进行对比。     

终轧温度对超低碳BH钢板组织和性能的影响

讨论了热轧终轧温度对罩式退火生产的Ti Nb超低碳烘烤硬化钢板的组织和性能的影响。结果发现,当终轧温度为910℃时,BH值较高,综合性能较好。终轧温度对冷轧织构影响不大,冷轧织构具有较强的｛112｝<110>织构;终轧温度为910℃时的退火织构的｛113｝<110>及其周围的织构较强。     

长缨剑胆舒——中国船级社走过45年

无论世界怎么变化,一种传统的交流手段始终影响着人们的生活--那就是船舶和航运. 占地球表面积约71%的海洋将陆地分割,这就决定了各国之间的物质交流必须依靠海上交通.统计表明,国际贸易的90%的份额由海上船舶运输.而承担海上风险管理的公益性机构--船级社,则是船舶在浩瀚海洋安全航行的有力保障.     

Magnetic field tuning characteristics of bimodal ultrasonic motor stator

The magnetic field tuning characteristics of an ultrasonic motor (USM) stator are discussed. The stator consists of two piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) plates and one sandwiched-in Terfenol-D plate. The dimensions of the stator are carefully adjusted to specifically discuss the influence of the magnetic field on the frequency difference between the longitudinal and bending modes of the stator. The frequency difference discussed in this paper is usually small and mainly caused by uneven materials, machining errors and changes in external conditions (temperature, pre-stress or load). The longitudinal and bending modes of the stator are simultaneously excited by an external electric field to generate the elliptic motion trajectories of the driving points. A direct current (DC) magnetic field is applied to decrease the difference between the two mode frequencies of the fabricated stator. In experiments, the dependences of the two mode frequencies and their difference on DC magnetic fields are all investigated. The experimental results indicate that the difference between the longitudinal and bending mode frequencies of the PZT/Terfenol-D/PZT composite stator can be tuned by changing the intensity of the external DC magnetic field.