Towards improving resilience of cities: an optimisation approach to minimising vulnerability to disruption due to natural disasters under budgetary constraints

Transportation - In recent years, climate change emerged as a dominant concern to many parts of the world bringing in huge economic losses disturbing normal business/life. In particular cities are...     

The analysis of life safety and economic loss in marine accidents occurring in the Turkish Straits

The increase in the world's trading capacity, which has been spurred by globalization, has caused problems in marine transportation, namely congestion. Despite the safety measures currently in place, marine accidents are still not being prevented. This study focuses on marine accidents in the Turkish Straits that have done serious harm to humans, the natural environment, and the economy. To reduce the negative impacts mentioned above, this study considered the most common types of accidents, their causes, and their results. For this purpose, 850 serious marine accidents, which took place in the Turkish Straits between the years of 2001 and 2010 (as recorded by the Undersecretaries for Maritime Affairs), have been analyzed and the data obtained have been systematically tabulated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. According to the data, the most significant cause of marine accidents in the Turkish Straits is human error. This study proposes measures to ensure that ship personnel are competent, mentally and physically, to navigate narrow and dangerous waterways in order to minimize the amount of accidents caused by human error.     

A fuzzy failure mode and effects approach to analyse concentrated inspection campaigns on board ships

ABSTRACT

Maritime actions against substandard operations of ships are a great deal of memorandum of understanding (MoUs) under regional basis agreements among port state control (PSC) organisations. Herein, concentrated inspection campaigns (CIC), performed by the different members of MoUs in certain periods, are a monitoring strategy to effectively control the core operational matters encountered in fire-safety systems, propulsion and auxiliary machinery system, lifesaving appliances, working conditions on board ships, etc. This paper proposes a quantified maritime safety analysis based on fuzzy failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to evaluate CIC database of MoUs in order to achieve advance creative solutions. Demonstration studies are performed on the special database on fire-safety system deficiencies. Since the fuzzy FMEA outcomes point out the risk prioritisation numbers and relevant control options, the paper attempts to transform CIC feedback into useful information in terms of enhancing the ship PSC inspection concept (e-PSC inspection). The paper theoretically contributes to safety analysis methods in literature while demonstration of e-PSC inspections offers an insight into maritime industry in safety improvement.     

新生儿硬肿症150例临床分析

本文总结分析了我科1956～1980年住院的150例新生儿硬肿症患儿,观察表明:新生儿硬肿症的预后与硬肿程度及有无感染有关,重度及合并感染者病死率高。采用综合措施治疗疗效明显。肺出血是本病的重要死因,其早期临床表现与急性左心衰竭症状相似。     

消痔灵注射液治疗肛肠痔病人过程中血铝、尿铝的动态观察

目的：为了查明消痔灵注射液主要成份（硫酸钾铝）在治疗痔沧病人的过程中，铝离子在人体内的动态变化，方法：采用日立塞曼原子吸收法测定了尿铝，血铝的浓度，结果：病人给药6h后尿铝可高达909．76ug/(人，h),72h后达到正常水平49．39ug/(人．h)，血清铝浓度的高峰也出现在给药6h后，平均值达215．5ug/L，直到72h后血清铝达到政党水平。结论：用消痔灵注射液治疗兰疮病人的过程中，铝离子不会对人体健康造成影响。     

Predictors of car use habit strength in an urban Norwegian public

Car use in urban areas carries well known risks for negative effects on urban quality of life, the environment and land use. Previous psychological work has mainly studied the habit of using a car as a predictor variable, whereas only a few studies have focused on psychological factors that may underlie and shape the habit. The aim of the present study is to examine demographic characteristics, spatial variables and social–psychological factors associated with car habit use strength. The results are based on a survey conducted in a random urban population-based sample with car access recruited from the Norwegian population registry (n = 878). Car use habit strength was stronger among male than female respondents and tended to be weak with a lower income. Multivariate logistic regression showed that reporting pro-environmental attitudes and personal norms predicted a weak car use habit strength, while reporting strong priority of flexibility and a long distance from home to work predicted a strong car use habit strength. Car use habit is influenced by multiple demographic, spatial and social–psychological factors, which should be carefully addressed in interventions aimed at reducing the likelihood of developing a strong car habit strength.     

Y型过滤器流动与阻力特性数值模拟分析

文中利用CFD软件,结合多孔介质模型对Y型过滤器进行了数值模拟研究,并与实验结果做了对比分析。得到了过滤器流动特性及不同部位压降情况,分析了滤网堵塞率对压降的影响规律,并提出了减小过滤器压力损失的建议方法。研究表明,Y型过滤器压降主要发生在入口滤座区、滤网区和滤芯环形间隙区,其中滤网区压降最大。滤网堵塞程度对压降影响很大,超过50%时压降快速增大。     

Influence of varying restoring moment curve on parametric roll motion of ships in regular longitudinal waves

This paper examines the influence of stability characteristics on roll motion in the main parametric resonance region. For this purpose, parametrically exited roll motion was modeled as a single degree of freedom system considering heave and pitch effects by means of time varying restoring moment. In addition, restoring moment variations in waves with respect to time and instantaneous roll angle was modeled analytically using the restoring moment curves for the wave crest and wave trough conditions. Roll responses were evaluated in frequency domain by solving the model with an averaging method. Notable correlation between the stability of roll responses and moment curves were observed. The results revealed that, the ratio of metacentric height (GM)between the wave trough and wave crest affects the stability of the trivial solution. Furthermore, the shape of the restoring moment curves in wave trough and wave crest conditions affects the stability of the non-trivial solution or, in other words, the pitchfork bifurcations.     

Simulation optimization of the berth allocation in a container terminal with flexible vessel priority management

ABSTRACT

Solving the berth allocation problem (BAP) in ports is not trivial where the berth resources are limited and various sizes of vessels arrive with dramatically dissimilar loads. Especially in real scenarios, arriving vessels are accepted for a berth with the first come first served (FCFS) priority rule. This study proposes a decision support system coupled with a simulation optimization module based on the swarm-based Artificial Bee Colony optimization algorithm for solving the BAP. The proposed methodology was implemented for the Izmir port in Turkey. To investigate the influences of the vessel priorities on the BAP, four different experimental scenarios based on the single (SQM) and multiple queue models (MQM) were coupled with FCFS and proposed hybrid queue priority (HQP) rule. The results indicated that SQM scenarios were superior to MQM scenarios in a manner of minimizing the average vessel waiting times and the implementation of a dynamic berth allocation strategy for the MQM significantly decreases the vessel waiting times. Results of the SQM also imply that utilization of the HQP approach further minimizes the average vessel waiting times and increases the berth utilization and port throughput without yielding excessive waiting times for the larger vessels compared with the FCFS priority rule.     

Transition between Signal Timing Plans: A Methodological and Analytical Overview

Abstract

The transition phase is generally defined as the process of switching from one timing plan to another; this process may include changes in offset, phase split or cycle length until coordination for a new timing plan is reached once again. As noted in the literature, transition phases between timing plans may lead to severe disruptions of traffic flow, resulting in potentially lasting effects. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review, classify and analyse the literature regarding transition between different timing plans to highlight existing research gaps and give researchers a starting point to continue contributing with solutions to the transition problem. Regarding transition approaches, a gap concerning mathematical approaches was deemed significant as a transition could be greatly benefited by simultaneously optimising more than one operational measure of effectiveness through multi-objective mathematical models. Moreover, in the analysis of applied approaches, Shortway algorithms generally outperformed other practical methods under different scenarios.