Urban sports anglers and Lake Michigan fishery policies

Abstract

Over the past few years an unusually intense struggle over the future of the Lake Michigan fishery has occurred in the coastal communities of Racine and Kenosha. This struggle has engaged participants on the local, state, and national levels in the debate over the fishery as it is potentially impacted by the presence of environmental toxins, the rising cost of fish stocking and management, and conflicting user group demands. We describe three cases where urban sports anglers, with the assistance of university based social scientists, participated in state and city public policy decisions. After discussing this research and its policy implications, we propose a general public participation paradigm termed the Reciprocal Development Model.     

豪华新贵 英菲尼迪FX50

FX系列是英菲尼迪的豪华运动SUV车型,拥有个性的外观,豪华的内饰,强劲的运动性能。继去年FX35成功之后,如今第二代FX50与大家见面了,据悉将在明年初正式开始在国内销售。     

新时代的金领结——2010款雪佛兰Equinox

在1月份的底特律车展上，通用雪佛兰推出了新一代的Equinox，与老款相比，它的外观设计灵感是来自于雪佛兰的Malibu轿车与Traverse的Crossover车型，同这些车型一样的是，新一代的Equinox在风格上很注意细节之处的处理，并有许多意想不到的特色装备。它拥有一款交叉车型所应具备的大空间与运输能力，但同时也拥有较好的燃油经济性。     

迷雾重重：蹊跷的伊兰特被撞事故

相撞，损毁，面目全非，1人亡，3人伤。这些都是关于这起交通事故的关键词，然而最令我们费解的是两车都是正常行驶在道路上，却发生了拦腰撞击事故。本次事故迷雾重重，不过事故本身仍然值得我们警醒。     

喜马拉雅的雪人——斯柯达YETI

YETI一词来源于一个古老传说，传说中喜马拉雅山中有种古猿，当地称谓“雪人”，又称“夜帝（YETI）”，意思是居住在岩石上的动物。用这个来作为一款SUV的名字，其代表的含义不言而喻。     

未来新选择：混合动力SUV

节油这个话题从未中断过，如何最省油？那就是不开车，可这是毫无意义的解答。除了在驾驶技术和用车习惯方面提高以外，其实我们在买车前，车的排量是多少，油耗又是多少，这些问题都是大家所关心的。     

横与竖的交集——让麻烦永远走开的道路交通标线解读

道路交通标线是交通号志的一类,它是由标划于路面上的各种线条、、箭头、文字、立面标记、突起路标以及轮廓标等所构成的交通安全设施,通常它们的颜色有红、黄、白三种,道路交通标线的作用就是管制和引导交通,可与交通标志配合,也可单独使用。     

惨剧源于低速行驶—高速公路上的行驶忠告

本着安全驾驶，遵守交通法规的原则，我们的驾车栏目从这期开始将增加一个新版块—交通事故案例分析。增加的这个新版块，其目的无非有二：第一是尽可能地还原事故现场，敲响安全警钟；第二便是提出意见和注意事项，避免悲剧的再次发生。在此，特别感谢中国汽车研究院下属的机动车交通安全研究中心的大力支持，作为国内为数不多能提供事故分析和研究的机构，他们目前已走在了行业的前列。     

It’s not that I don’t care, I just don’t care very much: confounding between attribute non-attendance and taste heterogeneity

With the growing interest in the topic of attribute non-attendance, there is now widespread use of latent class (LC) structures aimed at capturing such behaviour, across a number of different fields. Specifically, these studies rely on a confirmatory LC model, using two separate values for each coefficient, one of which is fixed to zero while the other is estimated, and then use the obtained class probabilities as an indication of the degree of attribute non-attendance. In the present paper, we argue that this approach is in fact misguided, and that the results are likely to be affected by confounding with regular taste heterogeneity. We contrast the confirmatory model with an exploratory LC structure in which the values in both classes are estimated. We also put forward a combined latent class mixed logit model (LC-MMNL) which allows jointly for attribute non-attendance and for continuous taste heterogeneity. Across three separate case studies, the exploratory LC model clearly rejects the confirmatory LC approach and suggests that rates of non-attendance may be much lower than what is suggested by the standard model, or even zero. The combined LC-MMNL model similarly produces significant improvements in model fit, along with substantial reductions in the implied rate of attribute non-attendance, in some cases even eliminating the phenomena across the sample population. Our results thus call for a reappraisal of the large body of recent work that has implied high rates of attribute non-attendance for some attributes. Finally, we also highlight a number of general issues with attribute non-attendance, in particular relating to the computation of willingness to pay measures.