Coastal communities—partners or puppets in outer continental shelf development

This article reviews the history of esthetics and its role in the development of outdoor recreation policy. Current research is also reviewed, demonstrating the broad scope and complexity of esthetics as a focus for research. Finally, in the absence of sufficient research for formulating coastal recreation planning and management decisions, the ethics of coastal recreation “development”; is considered.     

Florida's coastal setback line—an effort to regulate beachfront development

Abstract

The coastal setback line program in Florida represents an effort to achieve more efficient location decisions, protect beachfront properties from storms, and control beach erosion. This article examines the reasons why the regulation of shoreline development might be necessary, describes the coastal setback program in Florida, discusses some of the problems encountered in its implementation, and examines its potential success.     

驱动性能试验园地--MAP测试

OBD Ⅱ系统一直依赖于各种基本传感器所提供的信号输入,但是现在氧传感器在燃油控制与供给方面起到了更为突出的作用。     

Bulk service queues with deviations from departure schedules: The problem of correlated headways

The usual approach to studying bulk service queues is to assume that successive headways are independent. This assumption is frequently violated in systems where vehicles depart according to a fixed schedule, but where deviations from the schedule may occur. A late departure implies there is one long headway followed by a shorter one. This problem is solved exactly using both classical transform techniques and iterative numerical methods. Experiments with the latter approach are presented, and comparisons between the exact results and those obtained by ignoring correlations between headways are performed. The results suggest that upper and lower bounds may be developed using existing results, where the upper bound is accurate in light traffic while the lower bound is accurate in heavy traffic.     

通过传感器信号分析进气门是否积炭

进气门积炭影响行驶性能和排放,能否通过观察发动机传感器的数据来判断进气门是否有积炭呢?     

诊断发动机故障的利器——诊断脉冲传感器

每次看到一台精密的基于示波器技术的现代检测工具．我们都会想到老一辈的汽修技师们,感叹他们当时是怎样利用简陋的检测工具和不太靠得住的简单的故障诊断测试方法进行工作的。同样地．当他们了解了一些新的检测工具后．肯定也会感叹融入新技术的检测工具给汽车维修工作带来的巨大便利。[编者按]     

利用OBDⅡ系统进行排放检测

OBD Ⅱ系统很快将取代标准排气管检测排放污染。在美国己制订了相应的法规,马克·沃伦先生在本文中解释这项法规涉及的内容以及与排气管检测的区别。通过本文,读者可了解排放检测的最新技术。     

A comparison of modelled and real-life driving profiles for the simulation of railway vehicle operation

A key factor in determining the performance of a railway system is the speed profile of the trains within the network. There can be significant variation in this speed profile for identical trains on identical routes, depending on how the train is driven. A better understanding and control of speed profiles can therefore offer significant potential for improvements in the performance of railway systems. This paper develops a model to allow the variability of real-life driving profiles of railway vehicles to be quantitatively described and predicted, in order to better account for the effects on the speed profile of the train and hence the performance of the railway network as a whole. The model is validated against data from the Tyne and Wear Metro, and replicates the measured data to a good degree of accuracy.     

Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping: an integer programming model

Extending and improving an earlier work of the second author, an Integer Programming (IP) model is developed to minimize the operating and lay-up costs for a fleet of liner ships operating on various routes. The IP model determines the optimal deployment of an existing fleet, given route, service, charter, and compatibility constraints. Two examples are worked with extensive actual data provided by Flota Mercante Grancolombiana (FMG). The optimal deployment is solved for their existing ship and service requirements and results and conclusions are given.