低地板路面电车的发展

中国城市人口大部分都在200万以上，城市周边交通运输一直是交通运输发展瓶颈，而低地板路面电车在发展城市轨道交通方面具有广阔的前景。现介绍低地板路面电车的发展过程及车辆特点，以及世界各国路面电车现状和利用电路面电车发展双系统运输的经验，并介绍路面电车的制造商，以及国内城市轨道交通的发展思路和方法。     

Transit assignment under crowded conditions

This paper presents a transit assignment algorithm for crowded networks. Both congestion in vehicles and queuing at stations are explicitly taken into account in predicting passenger flows for a fixed pattern of origin-destination trip demands. The overflow effects due to insufficient capacity of transit lines are considered to be concentrated at transit stations, while the in-vehicle congestion effects (or discomforts) are considered to be dependent on in-vehicle passenger volume. Overflow delay at a transit station is dependent on the number of excess passengers required to wait for the next transit car. We use a logit model to determine the split between passengers that chose to wait for the next transit car and passengers that chose to board on the alternative transit lines. The proposed algorithm predicts how passenger will choose their optimal routes under both queuing and crowded conditions.     

16000 DWT成品油船快速性能改进研究

文章对现有16000 DWT油船进行了研究分析,提出增设球艏,对船舶艉型进行改进,寻求桨舵合理配合等多个可行性方案,并进行分析比较及模型试验研究.研究结果表明:尾部线型局部优化改型,节能效果最为明显,所需功率降低23%左右.在相同主机功率下,改型艉方案较原型方案航速可提高0.8 kn.舵型改型也有较好的效果,新设计的高效鱼艉组合舵与原舵相比,船舶所需功率降低约4%,在相同主机功率下,航速可提高0.17 kn,桨舵配合优化取得了较好的结果.本船由于航速较低,兴波阻力在总阻力中所占比例较小,加装球艏意义不大.本船采用"改型艉 改型舵"方案,在相同航速下,主机功率可以节省约27%;在相同主机功率下,航速可提高0.98 kn.     

铁路桥梁与车辆动力相互作用的协调条件分析

准确分析车桥系统动力相互作用的协调条件是车桥耦合振动计算中的重要一环。通过建立轮轨作用点轮轨力和位移向量与桥梁结构单元等效节点荷载和节点位移向量之间的关系,并考虑到轨道不平顺的影响,确立了系统动力相互作用的协调条件。其中特别考虑了各种参数由轨面向桥梁结构形心的转换及多线桥的偏载问题。应用上述方法,通过实例计算,分析了一双线铁路斜拉桥在偏载作用下的动力特性。结果表明,多线桥的偏载问题是不容忽视的。     

在斜交箱形梁桥下开挖地铁时梁体有限元分析

采用有限元方法对两孔相连的斜交箱形梁桥在地铁开挖前和开挖后的受力状态进行了分析。通过分析得到了斜交箱形梁桥在不同工况下的受力特点,由所得成果可知底板在各个工况下的弯矩分布规律及底板各点的下沉位移规律等。     

新型复合材料弓形结构梁的设计与应用

提出采用玻璃纤维布、连续钢纤维增强织物与自密实混凝土,通过创新性的弓形结构形式,采用先进的真空导入成型工艺,工业化制备轻质、强耐腐蚀、高承载性能的工程用大型结构梁,尤其可用于承受荷载等级较高的公路桥梁与承受重载列车的铁路桥梁。具体阐述了该弓形结构梁的制备工艺与受力机理,并给出了工程算例,展示了其具有可设计性强、应用前景广阔的显著特点。     

西安GSM-R核心网接入北京、武汉中继电路研究

针对西安核心网节点与北京、武汉核心网节点的互联互通,从业务需求、网络结构、实现的业务与功能等方面入手,提出了中继和信令通道数量的计算方法和配置方案。     

上海轨道交通5号线车站建筑设计特色

针对上海轨道交通5号线沿线环境以及轻轨车站的特点,介绍了该工程车站建筑的设计特色,并对设计布置做了多方面的探讨,包括车站功能完善、规模控制、设计方法、建筑造型、结合环境以及投资控制等。     

Calculation of strain amplification matrix for strain invariant failure theory based on representative volume element models with periodical boundary condition

Strain invariant failure theory (SIFT) is a micro-mechanics-based failure theory for multi-scale failure analysis of composite materials originally proposed by Gosse and Christensen. In this paper, the approach for obtaining strain amplification matrix which is a key step for the execution of SIFT is improved by adopting representative volume element (RVE) finite element models considering periodical boundary condition, based on which more actual deformation mode is reflected. The deformation modes and strain data at the characteristic points of the centroid cell of multi-cell RVE model are analyzed and taken as a reference. It can be concluded that more reasonable deformation mode and relationship between the micro-mechanical and macro-mechanical strain states are obtained by employing the new model. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the determination of strain amplification factors within the RVEs considering periodical boundary condition at the characteristic points.     

基于统计和有限元分析的裂纹敏感区确定方法

港口机械正在向大型、高速、重载方向发展,其金属结构的质量越来越大,它的缺陷会给机械工作带来隐患,而且一旦出现断臂等重大事故,将造成巨大危害[1].