Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and
2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

局域轨道交通系统规划编制思路和方法探讨——以上海市宝山区为例

宝山区作为上海市北部门户,要积极加强对外辐射和对内联系,推动上海大都市圈一体化协同发展,客观上需要进一步强化交通功能,完善综合运输体系,形成上海北部枢纽。从轨道交通市域线、市区线、局域线三个层次,对区内轨道交通系统规划编制思路、客流预测、线网规模、布局方案等进行了探讨,以期对区域总体规划编制提供参考和借鉴。     

基于声波透射法的大直径超长桩的完整性分析

介绍了超声波声参量与桩身混凝土质量的关系及其现场检测技术。通过现场检测实例,提出了桩身存在缺陷时声参量的几种特征,以及影响桩身质量判断的几种常见的客观因素。检测结果表明:超声波透射法能够相当准确地判别大直径超长桩的各类缺陷及其具体位置。     

硼铁ICP-AES分析方法研究

为建立用ICP-AES技术分析测定硼铁的方法开展了试验研究。对元素分析谱线光谱情况进行考察和研究后,选择了合适的分析谱线,优化选择了仪器工作参数和分析条件,进行了加标回收试验和精密度试验。结果表明,该方法先进可靠、分析速度快,一次分解样品可测定多个项目,适用于各种牌号硼铁样品的测定。     

FINGERNAIL GROWTH RATE IN A NORMAL CHINESE POPULATION

Objective To investigate fingernail growth rate (FNGR) role in the physiological or pathological status of the fingernails in normal Chinese population. Methods The FNGR was measured with vernier caliper. The data of 1 595 fingernails from 208 normal Chinese subjects (including 96 men and 112 women; age ranging from 14 to 78 years) were analyzed. Results The average FNGR was (0.104±0.027) mm per day. Higher growth rates were observed in males than in females, in the young individuals than in the old individuals, in summer than in winter, and in the right hand than in the left hand, respectively. The FNGR differed among fingernails and decreased in order of precedence: middle fingernails, index fingernails or ring fingernails, thumb and little fingernails. Conclusion FNGR was significantly associated with age, gender and temperature. Different fingernail grew at an individual speed.     

汽车制动真空助力器真空增压阀的应用与开发

介绍一种有效利用文氏管效应的汽车制动真空助力器真空增压阀的应用。还介绍了其设计原理、产品性能及测试结果。     

可吊双40 ft箱的岸边集装箱起重机

目前世界上的集装箱起重机一次只能吊起一个40ft箱或2个20ft箱,ZPMC针对超巴拿马型船而开发的双40岸桥1次可吊起2个40ft箱。双40岸桥的重要特色是开发了专用的差动型起升齿轮减速箱,它可以根据电机和制动器的不同工作组合工况,实现功率的分解和叠加,既可2套吊具同时起升,也可2套吊具各自独立起升或1套吊具起升1套吊具不动,使用1套吊具时也能实现高速高效。该机是对成熟常规岸桥的改进与创新,设备成本增加不多,轮压增加不大,理论上可使装卸效率提高50% ~60%。     

神经网络在通信干扰效果评估中的应用研究

人工神经网络具有学习、记忆等仿生特点，可以通过对已知问题及结论进行学习，并把结果为知识记忆下来，得到内在的因果映射关系，遇到类似问题时，直接用学习到的知识进行处理，得出结论。针对通信干扰效果评估中不易得到因果关系的显式解析表达式，研究了把以前测试通信干扰效果的数据作为知识，通过BP型神经网络进行学习，拟合出干扰效果与影响因素之间的映射关系，避开求解析表达式，从而建立干扰效果评估模型，对干效果进行评估。     

80m3/h多功能清淤船的研制

介绍了一种为解决粉沙、淤泥质平原型海岸,潮沟摆动明显及挟有大量泥沙的潮水逆流而上造成的江河入海口及港道大量淤积而研制的清淤船,它集射流冲刷、拖淤、吸扬挖泥等多种功能于一体。     

对集装箱堆场消防设计的建议

通过对集装箱堆场水消防系统设计的分析,结合工程实例,对集装箱堆场消防设计优化提出建议。