Innovation and Practice of Parallel Dual mode Slurry/EPB Shield Construction Technology and Freezing Cutterhead Opening Technology（并联式泥水/土压双模式盾构施工技术与冷冻刀盘开舱技术的创新与实践）

Two major concerns have been drawn in the process of shield construction: one is the difficulty in selecting a shield machine; the other is the high risk of opening for cutterhead changing. Based on the existing shield systems, a parallel dual mode shield with freezing cutterhead is developed by optimising internal structure and equipment and carrying the freezing device. The dual mode shield construction technology and freezing cutterhead technology are successfully carried out on project cases including Guangzhou Metro Line 9, Guangzhou Metro Line 21 and 220 kV Shijing Huanxi Electric Tunnel (Xiwan Road Shisha Road Section). The parallel dual mode slurry/EPB shield not only has the functions and advantages of slurry shield and EPB shield but also can switch into slurry/EPB mode for different strata and environments easily. Thus, it can achieve rapid shield tunneling. By combining the shield with the freezing system, the soil around cutterhead can be frozen to provide conditions for chamber opening under atmospheric condition. Meanwhile, it is also compatible with dual mode shield.     

圆形钢筋混凝土桩局部破除后抗弯能力计算及应用

深基坑工程中常常出现围护桩成桩垂直度偏差以致侵入主体结构限界的现象，为保证后续主体结构尺寸符合要求，需要对侵限部位进行凿除，进而导致其抗弯承载能力下降。针对圆截面桩体局部凿除后的抗弯承载能力计算问题，基于二次逼近法，建立圆形钢筋混凝土桩局部破除后正截面抗弯承载能力计算方法，结合实际工程分析围护桩局部破除后对基坑围护结构体系的安全性影响。结果表明： 桩身局部破除后，纵向受力钢筋切断和桩身截面面积的减小将导致桩身正截面抗弯能力快速下降；依托工程中800 mm 的围护桩，凿除18 cm 厚度（含切断6根主筋）后，其正截面抗弯能力下降至原设计值的55%，剩余承载力已不能满足安全支护的要求，需进行加固处理。     

Innovation and Future Application of Mechanized and Intelligentized Construction Technology for High speed Railway Tunnels: A CaseStudy of Hubei Section on Zhengzhou Wanzhou High speed Railway（高速铁路隧道机械化修建技术创新与智能化建造展望——以郑万高速铁路湖北段为例）

To ensure the safe, rapid and high quality construction of Zhengzhou Wanzhou High speed Railway, a series of exploration and innovation of construction technology, structural design and information management under the condition of large scale mechanization is used in the whole construction process. The technology includes: （1）A set of advanced geological prediction, advanced pre reinforcement technology of excavation face, mechanized construction technology of primary support, wide waterproof board trolley operation technology and intelligentized full face lining trolley of large scale mechanized construction technology are formed. （2）A classification method of surrounding rock stability is established based on the mechanized construction technology, and the design parameters of the tunnel support structure are optimized under the guidance of New Austria Tunneling Method. （3）To realize informatized management of tunnel construction, the tunnel construction management system, construction information record system, construction safety management system, quality management system of concrete mixing station and quality credit evaluation system are established. Finally, on the basis of mechanized and informatized construction, exploration and outlook of the tunnel intelligentized construction technology are given from the aspects of the dynamic intelligentized design system of tunnel support system, the intelligentized robot construction technology of tunnel support system and the intelligentized monitoring system of tunnel structure, to promote China′s tunnel construction technology.     

公路隧道运营典型风险辨识

为加强对公路隧道运营风险的辨识、改善和优化公路隧道运营安全，降低重大隧道事故对人员伤亡、隧道结构、设备和经济收益的损失，通过隧道事故调研和大数据技术，收集近些年在全国范围内发生的802起公路隧道事故，对公路隧道自身特性和隧道事故的时间、空间、类型、诱因等特征进行分析。研究结果表明： 1)外界因素对隧道事故影响较大，在高温和车流量较大的环境下，事故发生较多； 2)特长隧道和长隧道的事故数远高于短隧道和中隧道； 3)小型车是隧道内发生事故的主要车型，事故原因多是驾驶员违规驾驶，事故类型多为追尾事故； 4)火灾事故的诱因多为车辆自身故障，其中危化品泄露多为易燃液体泄露。     

Perspectives in Intelligentization of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)（对全断面隧道掘进装备智能化的一些思考）

The development status of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the development trend of intelligent engineering machines and the urgent national needs for the future intelligent TBMs are introduced briefly. It is pointed out that the intelligentization will be the hot spot of the tunnel engineering area and the focuses of future industry competition. The scientific challenges due to the complexity of the working environment, including state recognition and environment perception, correlation law between geological environment and operation parameters, intelligent planning and coordinated control of multi systems, are raised. In addition, the existing research foundation are analyzed and the inadequacy of the theory including environment and state perception, adaptive & dynamic control of construction parameters, multi system coordination control and multi objective optimization are obtained. At last, some thinking from the aspects of design, manufacture and operation, such as excavation perception, the adaptive dynamic control of excavation parameter condition, the excavation parameter data collection and calculation, intelligent optimization and decision making of tunneling parameters and the multi system coordination intelligent control are proposed.     

潜艇通气管进气阀阻力特性分析及优化

[目的]开展潜艇通气管进气阀结构优化,减小进气阻力,对潜艇的节能降耗和工作安全具有重要意义。[方法]采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对进气阀的阻力特性进行模拟分析,并通过实验验证计算结果的准确性。同时,对阀盘行程和进气角度这2项参数进行调节与分析,得到进气阀阻力及结构的相关规律。[结果]结果显示:进气阀压力损失随阀盘行程的增大而逐渐减小,但在阀盘行程h244 mm之后继续增大阀盘行程对降低压力损失的贡献不大;当进气角度θ65°时,进气阀压力损失会急剧上升,而当进气角度θ65°时,角度变化对进气阀压力损失的影响不大。[结论]研究表明,阀盘行程和进气角度对进气阀阻力特性具有重要影响,通过结构优化,可显著降低进气阀的进气阻力,所得结果对工程设计具有一定的指导意义。     

下穿黄河砂卵石地层盾构隧道管片结构受力特征现场测试

为研究砂卵石地层中管片的力学行为,以兰州地铁1号线穿黄段为研究对象,采用改良的测试传感器走线方式,对管片内力及外部水压力进行现场测试,并进行相应的数值模拟。将现场测试数据与数值模拟结果对比分析,得出如下结论:1)外部水压力及管片内力受盾构施工影响最为显著的范围为距掌子面3~5环,在此范围内应加强对受拉区的监测,并采取相应措施防止管片在施工初期破损;2)外部水压力及管片内力在距掌子面6~13环时受施工影响逐渐降低,距掌子面13环后趋于稳定;3)运用梁-弹簧模型设计管片是偏于安全的,但应充分考虑施工荷载。     

适用于模拟复杂地质条件的微型TBM试验系统研制及应用

为研究TBM掘进隧道复杂地质的演化过程及破坏特征,研制了适用于复杂地质条件的微型TBM模型试验系统,主要由微型掘进装置、多功能岩箱、微型掘进机工位平移装置、四联液压系统以及微型掘进机掘进控制系统组成。该系统可实现推进速度0~50 mm/min可调、刀盘转速0~10 r/min可调、刀盘最大转矩可达1 000 N·m、刀盘最大安全掘进距离可达1 100 mm; 可以进行半断面可视化掘进和全断面高地应力模拟掘进,并提前了解TBM掘进复杂地质时隧道应力的变化规律,为现场高地应力大埋深复杂地质下TBM掘进提供可靠的参考资料。     

矮塔斜拉桥0#块应力与剪力滞效应分析

为了探究矮塔斜拉桥施工时0号块的应力状态与剪力滞效应,以一座跨径组合为(85+160+85)m的矮塔斜拉桥为例,以有限元分析软件Midas FEA NX建立0号块实体单元模型,通过在Midas civil全桥模型提取的最大悬臂状态内力作为实体单元模型的边界条件,对0号块进行应力状态与剪力滞效应的分析。结果表明,该桥在最大悬臂状态下0#块应力状态良好,以全截面受压为主;顶、底板以正剪力滞效应为主,顶板剪力滞变化复杂但数值较小,满足设计规范要求。分析结果可为同类桥型设计与施工提供参考。     

Key Techniques for Construction of Sanyang Road Cross riverTunnel of Wuhan Rail Transit Line 7（武汉轨道交通7号线三阳路越江隧道施工关键技术）

The author focuse on the great challenges encountered during the tunneling process in the Wuhan Sanyang Road Tunnel, and the key techniques adopted to solve those problems. When tunneling in composite strata, engineers inevitably face problems such as inefficient excavation, excessive tool wear, excavation face instability and the risk of clogging. The TBM used in the project allows tool change under atmospheric pressure, which improves the efficiency of tool change and eliminated the risk of casualties during hyperbaric interventions. In terms of the tool wear and clogging, the authors propose technical solutions as follows: the optimization of the tool′s type and configuration, improvement of the central flushing system and chemical dissolution of clogging. The results indicate that through the countermeasures proposed, the tunneling efficiency can be improved effectively. They also reduce the cutter change frequency and eliminate the risk of TBM downtime. The technical achievements obtained in the construction of the Wuhan Sanyang Road Tunnel can provide technical reference for the construction of large diameter shield tunnels in composite strata in the future.