预示旋转机械损伤的振动监控设备

用测量振动来预示旋转机械损伤的有关文章已发表了很多,从手握的振动计到借助于计算机的监控系统都获得了令人鼓舞的结果。本文着眼于机械振动监控方面的设备,特别着重于信号分析。该设备比较容易掌握,能够对机械损伤做出更精确的预测。     

高速柴油机气缸内火焰温度的实验与测定

火焰温度随时间变化的过程可以显示出柴油机燃烧的特性。这不仅与反应区域的放热情况有关,同时也与碳烟的形成和烧失,氧化氮的产生以及热幅射有关。试验确定火焰温度的一种可取的方法是测量碳烟发光火焰的幅射。这时在二段狭窄的波长范围内测量幅射强度。     

离心泵的转子振动和液体压力脉动研究

作者通过研究试验证明,为了降低转子振动和泵出口的液体压力脉动的幅度,可以采用管状滤器。     

经济型数控及PLC技术在活塞,汽缸套加工专用设备上的应用

回顾数控及ＰＬＣ技术应用情况，根据工厂实际，将应用推广的重点放在依靠自身力量开发用于活塞、汽缸套加工的专用设备上。目前已先后研制了多种应用经济型数控及ＰＬＣ技术的专用设备，并以这些设备为主组建了多条生产线。取得了明显的技术经济效益。叙述一些想法和体会。     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

新一代载重车发动机活塞环端面磨损解决方案

排放法规限值的日益收紧对发动机的各项研发工作提出了新的挑战。为了满足改进燃烧和提高发动机效率的要求,导致发动机的负荷增加和磨粒尺度增大。改进发动机会导致活塞环及活塞环槽面临苛刻的摩擦学条件,因而活塞环端面磨损正成为活塞环设计时要解决的关键问题。防止活塞环端面磨损最常用的方法是镀铬。但这种方法在耐久性(厚度太薄)和金相图(表面粗糙)上有一定的局限性。为此,现已开始采用氮化处理的不锈钢第1道活塞环,以改善对端面的保护。与镀铬层相比,氮化层的硬度较高,且比较光洁。然而,对于新一代载重车发动机而言,在某些情况下,采取氮化处理应对摩擦学条件的能力也有其局限性。一种新的解决办法是采用热喷涂工艺。这种工艺能增加保护层厚度,从而减少活塞环与活塞环槽的磨损。为了在严酷的工作条件下评价各种端面磨损解决方案的效果,设计了特殊的发动机试验程序。对各种活塞环技术的评定结果显示,热喷涂的性能最佳。长期试验结果也显示,热喷涂层能提高端面的耐久性。