适用于模拟复杂地质条件的微型TBM试验系统研制及应用

为研究TBM掘进隧道复杂地质的演化过程及破坏特征,研制了适用于复杂地质条件的微型TBM模型试验系统,主要由微型掘进装置、多功能岩箱、微型掘进机工位平移装置、四联液压系统以及微型掘进机掘进控制系统组成。该系统可实现推进速度0~50 mm/min可调、刀盘转速0~10 r/min可调、刀盘最大转矩可达1 000 N·m、刀盘最大安全掘进距离可达1 100 mm; 可以进行半断面可视化掘进和全断面高地应力模拟掘进,并提前了解TBM掘进复杂地质时隧道应力的变化规律,为现场高地应力大埋深复杂地质下TBM掘进提供可靠的参考资料。     

Great Revolution in Maritime Transportation: Discussion on Preliminary Work and Operation Plan of Bridge/Tunnel Projects for Vacuum HTS Maglev Train at High Speed（畅想海上交通运输建设的伟大革命——真空高温超导磁浮高速列车桥隧工程前期工作与运行方案探讨）

The improvement in the operation speed of the transportation project means the progress and development of the construction technologies in transportation projects. In this paper, the following factors restricting the further improving of the speed of high speed railway are analyzed: as the operation speed increases, the trains in the dense atmosphere are subject to the wind induced resistance and various resistances caused by the friction between the wheels and the rails and by the irregularity of tracks, and the noise will also increase with a high power. Therefore, the economy and safety issues involved in the operation have become the main factors restricting the further improving of the speed of high speed railway. A scheme of vacuum pipelines of underwater vacuum tunnel and/or subwater bridge is proposed in this paper: the pipelines and cars are sealed and vacuated to form the quasi vacuum. The transportation system of the vacuum maglev train at ultrahigh speed with the HTS maglev technology can achieve the operation speed more than 4 times that of the existing HSR train (about 1 200 km/h). Key technologies for constructing the vacuum maglev tunnels/subwater bridges in respect of construction plans, vacuating and sealing, as well as maglev trains are introduced in this paper. The subjects to be further studied on the vacuum HTS maglev tunnels (pipelines) are analyzed from the aspects of technology, management, construction costs, operation expenses, candidate project, airtight materials for cars and evacuation in case of emergencies. It is recommended that "cross sea maglev train in vacuum tunnel" should be developed in the eco tourism project between the coastal cities and their neighboring islands and a series of necessary technical tests should be conducted during the trial operation, so as to obtain related experience. Based on the experience and lessons learned, the transportation system at ultrahigh speed may be implemented for strait crossing projects in China. Finally, a brief introduction to the research on HSR trains at ultrahigh speed in countries such as China, the United States and the Netherlands is presented in this paper. The development of vacuum pipeline transportation can drive the development of China′s transportation modes in a faster, safer and more energy efficient manner, facilitating the development of the fifth generation of transportation industry and its driving role in the social and economic development, and promoting the integration and progress of the economy of China or even the world at a higher speed.     

起伏基岩地层盾构姿态控制及刀具配置分析

为了解决在起伏基岩地层中盾构掘进姿态控制困难及刀盘不均匀消耗问题,以长沙地铁2号线西延线盾构区间为工程实例,通过对现场油缸推力关系统计分析,得出盾构区间直线段和曲线段地层由软至硬和由硬至软的合理的油缸推力比,并应用于工程实际,得出相应的直线段和曲线段的水平、竖向偏差且均满足轴线偏差不超过50 mm的标准要求。同时,通过对现场每百米刀具更换情况统计分析,得出合理的刀具改良配置建议。     

地下叠合墙接触面形式的设计研究

为解决地下工程中叠合结构接触面采用常规凿毛等方式进行预处理时存在的施工难度大、剪力槽设置参差不齐等难题,提出一种便于施工的预制叠合结构形式,然后运用ANSYS有限元软件对波浪形、三角形以及梯形波纹结构面进行受力对比分析,结果表明梯形结构面在结构应力、接触面压力以及接触面滑移方面更有优势,并确定梯形结构面作为静力荷载试验方案。通过静力荷载试验对比分析整体现浇梁和梯形结构面叠合梁在各级荷载作用下的挠度、水平位移以及裂缝开展形态,结合实测数据表明： 在受到相同荷载作用下,叠合梁的挠度增量小于整体现浇梁,同时叠合梁在裂缝开展阶段存在停滞现象,能够减缓裂缝穿过叠合面,从而提高结构的整体承载力。     

深层盾构排水隧道PVC防水防蚀内衬力学性能试验研究

基于广州深层排水隧道,介绍了一种新型聚氯乙烯（PVC）内衬结构,可增强盾构排水隧道的防水和防蚀性能。当管片发生环内变形和环间错台时,盾构隧道接缝位置的PVC内衬处于不利受力状态,故针对PVC防水防蚀内衬的力学性能进行试验研究。通过拉拔试验对PVC内衬与管体之间键的连接可靠性进行研究,通过纵缝压弯试验和环缝剪切试验分别对盾构管片发生环内变形和环间错台时PVC内衬本体和焊缝的力学性能和变形能力进行研究。试验结果表明PVC防水防蚀内衬具有与管片衬砌结构协同变形能力,其力学性能满足要求。     

暗挖隧道装配式管片拼装技术研究

为解决目前暗挖隧道二次衬砌工序繁杂、施工进度慢、成形质量差等问题,结合盾构矿山法施工工艺及土压平衡盾构管片拼装原理,阐述暗挖隧道装配式管片拼装在施工中需重点解决的关键技术,并介绍配套的拼装设备结构组成及功能特点。     

基于岩溶分布分析的突水风险评估模型研究

为实现岩溶突水风险评估的全过程动态修正与管理,一以岩溶发育分布规律为基础,采用半定量分析方法,估计溶洞与隧道在剖面图中的相对位置距离值,二将防突水岩层安全厚度的预测划分为初步估算、二次估计和动态测算3个阶段,每个阶段均采用有效的修正方式,不断获取更加准确且适用的防突岩层安全厚度预测数值。然后,综合考虑防突岩层安全厚度以及爆破开挖扰动深度影响,提出岩溶突水风险概率等级评价标准;通过划分突水量和溶腔高水头压强的等级,提出岩溶突水风险后果等级评价标准;并以二者为基础构建岩溶突水风险等级评估矩阵。最终,构建基于岩溶分布态势与防突岩层厚度的岩溶突水风险评估模型。通过具体工程实例检验,理论结果与实际情况相对比,验证所构建岩溶突水风险评估模型的合理性与可行性。     

考虑结构面黏聚力损伤变化的洞室块体稳定分析

为研究隧道开挖过程中临空面块体的稳定情况,进一步探究在其结构面具有胶结强度情况下块体的稳定性,运用黏聚力模型模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,以及相应的滑移和脱开行为。选取甘肃北山某典型花岗岩研究区域搜索出的块体,以及获得的结构面参数区间,分4种方案研究块体的稳定性,同时考虑初始地应力、开挖诱导的二次地应力等因素的影响。方案1赋予抗拉强度和黏聚强度一个很小的数值,从而可以分析块体仅受结构面摩擦应力影响下的稳定性;方案2、3、4分别考虑不同位置的块体可能的失稳情况,通过调整不同块体结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,分析块体稳定性。分析结果表明： 黏聚力模型能较好地模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,并且能模拟结构面的滑移和脱开行为,可作为块体稳定性分析计算的工具;此外,也为模拟胶结结构面损伤随时间的渐进性发展提供一个新思路。     

桥、隧、路、堤组合结构应用技术

为解决受周边既有环境影响下隧道出入口的展线难题,依托长沙市营盘路隧道工程实例开展系统性研究。结合桥、隧相连工程的实际特点,提出一种桥、隧、路、堤组合结构方案,并对该方案实施的可行性进行详细分析及阐述。通过运用Plaxis2D有限元软件对组合方案进行受力计算,结果表明: 护壁墙与隧道结构在位移的变化上基本达到协同变形,所设置的联系横、纵梁结构能有效地将护壁墙与隧道结构连接成整体,起到整体受力的作用。同时,在工程施工期间进行现场监测,结果显示： 大堤周边地表累计最大沉降量为15.44 mm,水平最大位移为6.72 mm,实际监测量均小于数值模拟的最大沉降量（21.34 mm）和最大水平位移（8.77 mm）。模拟结果对施工起到一定的指导作用,组合方案在满足承载力要求的前提下,最大限度地保留既有原始地貌,解决了特殊条件下的交通功能问题。     

Study of Collaborative Management of Intelligent Highway Tunnel（智慧公路隧道协同管理研究）

Aiming to solve the problems of collaborative management of intelligent tunnel and tunnel management under different traffic conditions, the tunnel is regarded as a part of highway, and five features of the intelligence are proposed from the definition of intelligence. In order to realize a collaborative management of intelligent highway tunnel, the spatial extent of tunnel is defined at first. Then, a collaborative management road topology based on road critical nodes is proposed; and a holographic collaborative control information system based on tunnel structure, facilities, vehicle, operation, management, and environment is established. Finally, collaborative control of people, cars, roads and environment could be realized, so as to improve the management level of the intelligent highway tunnels.