多传感器信息融合技术在舰船组合导航系统中的应用

介绍了舰船惯导系统的误差模型,针对该模型,提出了基于信息融合原理的联合卡尔曼滤波器的结构及算法。理论分析与仿真结果表明,该舰船INS／GPS／Loran-C组合导航系统的设计合理,算法具有全局最优性,能够满足系统的精度要求,且应用该联合卡尔曼滤波器可提高系统的容错性能。     

Responses of the strata and supporting system to dewatering in deep excavations

In order to prevent the inrushing caused by deep excavations, dewatering measure has to be adopted to decrease the confined water level. In this study, the responses of the strata and supporting system to dewatering in deep excavations are investigated through numerical simulations and case studies. Coupled fluid-mechanical analyses are performed by the use of the numerical software, FLAC3D. The responses of the ground settlement, base heave and interior columns to the excavation and dewatering are analyzed. Numerical results indicate that the dewatering measure can effectively reduce the uplift of the subsurface soil in the excavation, and decrease the vertical displacement of the supporting system. In addition, field data of two case histories show the similar responses and confirm the validation of the numerical results. Based on the analyses, dewatering in the confined aquifer is recommended as a construction method for controlling the vertical displacement of the strata and supporting system in deep excavations.     

Three-dimensional stability analysis of excavation using limit analysis

The theory of limit analysis is presented for a three-dimensional stability problem of excavation. In frictional soil, the failure surface has the shape of logarithm helicoid, with the outline profile defined by a logspiral curve. The internal dissipation rate of energy caused by soil cohesion and gravity power of the failure soil is obtained through theoretical derivation. By solving the energy balance equation, the stability factor for the excavation is obtained. Influence of the ratio of width to height, the slope angle, and the top angle on the stability is examined. Numerical results of the proposed algorithm are presented in the form of non dimensional graph. Examples illustrate the practical use of the results.     

地铁竖井联系测量技术研究

针对地铁竖井联系测量精度不高的问题,提出在地铁竖井联系测量中采用悬镜照准标志并结合后方交会法。从理论和实测两方面,对竖井联系测量的原有方法(双井定向联系测量)与悬镜法结合后方交会的新方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,钢丝加可旋转棱镜的悬镜法进行竖井联系测量,不仅操作上更加简单,且点位精度比常规导线法点位精度提高近3倍,使联系测量点位精度大大提高;地上联系测量采用后方交会,每个投点保证被观测3次,大大提高联系测量的投点精度,保证了每个投点的点位中误差小于1 mm;减小了对施工进程的干扰,有力保证了各施工环节有序开展。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的公路隧道初期支护可靠度分析

在分析公路隧道初期支护可靠性方面,蒙特卡罗法具有较高的精度。通常工程结构破坏概率较小,这就要求采用蒙特卡罗方法时必须要有足够大的抽样模拟总数才能给出正确的估计,而利用方差减缩技术中的对偶抽样技巧可以迅速降低抽样模拟次数。本文基于蒙特卡罗法利用ANSYS的APDL语言编制公路隧道初期支护可靠度程序,并应用于工程实例。     

土层液化过程中桩土相互作用的动力p-y曲线研究

依据加权余量法原理,推导了确定桩与液化土层相互作用振动台模型试验动力p-y曲线的方法。分析了具有不同初始相对密度的土层在液化过程中动力p-y曲线的弱化以及桩土相互作用阻尼的变化,对动力p-y曲线和拟静力弱化p-y曲线进行了比较。结果表明,依据静力p-y曲线、按折减系数法确定拟静力弱化p-y曲线时,折减系数的取值不仅取决于土层初始相对密度,还与土层的埋深有关。     

公路施工测量监理要点浅析

公路测量作为一项基础工作贯穿公路建设的全过程,对整个工程质量影响较大。因此,测量监理称为公路施工监理工作的最重要内容之一,越来越受到普遍关注。结合自身公路建设管理的实践,对测量监理工作的内容和要点进行了全面的总结。     

蓝绿激光上行传输通道的信号能量传递分析

从分析海水、大气对光的吸收和散射出发，对海水、海水／大气界面及大气等各种因素对激光传输的影响作了较全面的描述，并由此推出蓝绿激光通过上行传输信道后接收信号的能量方程。在信号能量传递的计算中，根据Bucher方程得到了时间扩展后的脉冲波形的近似表达式。计算机仿真得到了一些主要参数的实验模拟结果。