冲击碾压技术的应用和展望

1 前言 随着我国西部大开发帷幕的拉开及大量基础建设项目的启动,公路、铁路、机场、水利、电站等的建设中,有规模巨大的土石方工程及相应的压实工程,为了适应大型工程对基础的承载能力、稳定性的需求,需要有高效率、高压实能量的压实机械.     

路网密度对城市公共汽车交通发展的影响

结合统计数据的量化分析对判断路网密度及作用具有重要意义.从路网模式、车流特性及信号控制、交通拥堵三个层面阐述路网密度提升对促进公共汽车交通发展的作用机理.基于2007—2010年《中国统计年鉴》相关数据,量化分析路网密度与公交客运密度的关系以及路网密度对交通结构的影响,从宏观层面验证路网加密对公共汽车交通发展的促进作用.最后,结合旧金山、香港、首尔等城市路网案例,进一步指出借助路网加密促进公共汽车交通发展,不仅需要城市干路体系的支持,更需要城市支路体系的支持.     

Study of Engineering Geological Conditions and Railway Tunnel Scheme across Qiongzhou Strait（琼州海峡工程地质条件及铁路隧道方案研究）

The cross sea channel for the Qiongzhou Strait not only provides a solution for transportation, but also plays an important role in the political and economic development of the region. In addition, the project has an extensive impact on many fields, such as energy, national defense, science and technology, opening up and reform, comprehensive utilization and so on. It is a significant project to enhance China′s comprehensive national strength, defend the country′s territorial integrity and promote regional economic development. The geological conditions across the Qiongzhou Strait are complex. A large amount of existing engineering geological information and hydrogeological data are collected, based on which the seismic impact on subsea tunnels and the main geological conditions including tectonic structures are analyzed. Different options crossing the Qiongzhou Strait have been considered and compared in terms of engineering geology, environmental condition, as well as the construction feasibility. The analystical results indicate that a subsea tunnel has more advantages over a bridge. Because more complicated technical difficulties have to be solved for a highway tunnel which would potentially increase construction and operation costs, a railway tunnel scheme is recommended. Vehicles can be carried by trains through the Qiongzhou Strait railway tunnel. Based on the seabed topography and geological conditions, four preliminary railway tunnel routes are proposed. After a comprehensive comparative analysis, the railway tunnel route Ⅱ is identified to be superior to other alternatives and should be the basis for determining the final tunnel layout. The proposed tunnel cross section includes two railway tunnels and one service tunnel. All the three tunnels have the same structural form and dimension and will be constructed by shield.     

Challenges and Countermeasures in Construction of  Gaoligongshan Tunnel of Dali Ruili Railway（大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道施工挑战与对策）

In order to resolve the challenges encountered in the construction of Gaoligongshan Tunnel such as soft rock deformation of inclined shafts, water drainage and protection of vertical shafts, TBM jam in crossing areas with adverse geology, solutions and key construction techniques are developed through theoretical analysis, field test, scheme optimization and staged review and summary. The performance results of field practice show that: (1)the goal of no damages and no replacement of the primary support can be achieved by adopting the comprehensive deformation prevention technique of "ring support early formation and quick closure", setting of proper excavation line curvature, and reinforcing of support; (2)the risk of vertical shaft flooding during construction in water rich weak granite can be greatly reduced by adopting the water control principle of "exploration for any excavation, plugging as the main method, and supplemented with drainage method" and the key pre grouting technique of S shaped deep boreholes; (3)the open type TBM can quickly and safely pass through the unfavorable mylonitic granite stratum by adopting the small pilot tunnel construction method, thus the fast and high efficiency construction performance of TBM can be fully utilized.     

73101部队全面组织开展车辆装备综合整治活动

近期，73101部队结合本单位车辆装备的实际，组织开展了1次车辆装备技术状况综合整治。该部按照车辆装备技术完好标准，采取“逐单位、逐台次、逐部位、逐内容”过的方法，对所属车辆进行了全面的综合技术检查，重点扭住对转向、制动、传动、信号、灯光、轮胎等车辆关键部位的检查检修，排除各种车辆故障隐患200余起，确保车辆装备技术始终处于良好状态。     

Design Method and Application of Rock and Support System for Super large Span Tunnel（超大跨度隧道围岩支护体系构件化设计方法及其应用研究）

In order to guarantee the stability of surrounding rock and support structure of super large span tunnel and realize quantification of support structure design, the optimal excavation contour line shape is obtained based on study of influence of initial ground stress on bearing arch of surrounding rock; a new quantitative design method, in which the surrounding rock is regarded as an arch structure, bolts, cables, shotcrete and lining are designed to satisfy the intensity, rigidity and stability of the arch structure, is presented to design the support structure system. The method has been successfully applied to super large span tunnel of Badaling Great Wall Station on Beijing Zhangjiajie High speed Railway; and the applicable results show that the maximum accumulative settlement of crown top of large span section is only 17.3 mm, and the relative subsidence of crown top is only 0.09%, which can meet safety requirements.     

偏压荷载对箱型明洞受力影响及设计要点

为研究偏压荷载对箱型明洞结构受力影响，为该类明洞结构的设计提供理论依据，以某道路开孔箱型明洞工程为例，采用ANSYS有限元数值模拟方法进行计算分析,综合研究结果表明： 1）偏压回填箱型明洞靠山侧墙底部和外侧墙顶部受力较大，设计配筋时需要加强； 2）靠山侧墙背回填土侧压力对明洞结构受力影响较大，改善回填材料内摩擦角大小可以有效降低明洞结构内力，当内摩擦角增大到47°时最为经济； 3）可以通过在明洞洞顶回填EPE的方式减轻洞顶冲击荷载，降低明洞内力，最优回填厚度为0.9 m。     

海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理关键技术研究——以大连地铁5号线火梭区间海底隧道为例

海底岩溶隧道勘察、设计难度大,施工风险高。以大连市地铁5号线海底岩溶大直径盾构隧道为研究对象,首次采用“跨孔CT物探+钻探”的海底隧道岩溶勘察方案,通过有限元计算确定海底岩溶隧道加固范围,通过抗浮计算确定岩溶隧道基底加固标准,提出海底岩溶的海面预处理具体实施方案和盾构针对性设计方案,从而形成一整套海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理方案。     

新建地铁站基坑临近及无覆土下穿运营地铁站安全技术措施研究

为研究不同工法零距离施工对既有站的影响,提出切实可行的控制措施,以南京地铁上海路站换乘站为例,介绍新建地铁站（5号线）与运营地铁站（2号线）呈十字换乘情况下,对新建地铁站施作临近基坑及采用无覆土下穿运营地铁站技术的风险管控措施进行研究。提出： 1）通过增设隔离桩,在既有车站两侧形成2个完整基坑,基坑施工可确保既有站运营和结构安全; 2）对换乘节点暗挖段,通过釆用10步分导洞开挖、无覆土完整支护体系,可有效控制运营车站下沉,确保运营安全。