基于岩土控制变形工法的公路隧道施工变形分析——以野猪山隧道为例

宁波野猪山公路隧道右线出口段埋深浅、围岩差,采用岩土控制变形工法施工。该工法在我国公路隧道施工中几乎未有使用。本文通过数值模拟和现场监测数据对比分析,得出:1)隧道地表沉降的开挖空间效应约为0.6倍跨径,并据敏感程度划分为沉降敏感区、敏感过渡区、稳定区3个区域;2)隧道拱顶沉降约60%发生在掌子面到达监测断面前,开挖空间效应稍大于单倍跨径;3)隧道掌子面挤出变形呈外凸抛物面形态,建议施工中纤维锚杆的搭接长度设为6 m,并据挤出变形发展速率划分为快速发展、稳定发展、基本稳定3个阶段。     

人工冻土冻结过程分析及冻结管布置间距的计算

为确定在冻土冻结过程中冻结影响范围与冻结时间的关系,将人工冻土冻结过程拆分为土体表面的热散失和冻结管的冻结2个过程,并以热势能及热势能耗散过程中的平衡方程分析上述关系。为确定冻结管间距的合理取值,引入热势能理论并计算当量热阻,建立在多个冻结管影响下微元体的冻结时间方程,提出一种在多个冻结管作用下冻结影响范围与冻结时间的关系的计算方法及冻结管布置间距的确定方法。通过实例分析了人工冻土厚度的计算方法,以数值模拟方法比较了不同冻结管布置对冻结时间的影响。上述研究成果深化了人工冻土理论研究与实际应用之间的关系。     

Study of Engineering Geological Conditions and Railway Tunnel Scheme across Qiongzhou Strait（琼州海峡工程地质条件及铁路隧道方案研究）

The cross sea channel for the Qiongzhou Strait not only provides a solution for transportation, but also plays an important role in the political and economic development of the region. In addition, the project has an extensive impact on many fields, such as energy, national defense, science and technology, opening up and reform, comprehensive utilization and so on. It is a significant project to enhance China′s comprehensive national strength, defend the country′s territorial integrity and promote regional economic development. The geological conditions across the Qiongzhou Strait are complex. A large amount of existing engineering geological information and hydrogeological data are collected, based on which the seismic impact on subsea tunnels and the main geological conditions including tectonic structures are analyzed. Different options crossing the Qiongzhou Strait have been considered and compared in terms of engineering geology, environmental condition, as well as the construction feasibility. The analystical results indicate that a subsea tunnel has more advantages over a bridge. Because more complicated technical difficulties have to be solved for a highway tunnel which would potentially increase construction and operation costs, a railway tunnel scheme is recommended. Vehicles can be carried by trains through the Qiongzhou Strait railway tunnel. Based on the seabed topography and geological conditions, four preliminary railway tunnel routes are proposed. After a comprehensive comparative analysis, the railway tunnel route Ⅱ is identified to be superior to other alternatives and should be the basis for determining the final tunnel layout. The proposed tunnel cross section includes two railway tunnels and one service tunnel. All the three tunnels have the same structural form and dimension and will be constructed by shield.     

Challenges and Countermeasures in Construction of  Gaoligongshan Tunnel of Dali Ruili Railway（大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道施工挑战与对策）

In order to resolve the challenges encountered in the construction of Gaoligongshan Tunnel such as soft rock deformation of inclined shafts, water drainage and protection of vertical shafts, TBM jam in crossing areas with adverse geology, solutions and key construction techniques are developed through theoretical analysis, field test, scheme optimization and staged review and summary. The performance results of field practice show that: (1)the goal of no damages and no replacement of the primary support can be achieved by adopting the comprehensive deformation prevention technique of "ring support early formation and quick closure", setting of proper excavation line curvature, and reinforcing of support; (2)the risk of vertical shaft flooding during construction in water rich weak granite can be greatly reduced by adopting the water control principle of "exploration for any excavation, plugging as the main method, and supplemented with drainage method" and the key pre grouting technique of S shaped deep boreholes; (3)the open type TBM can quickly and safely pass through the unfavorable mylonitic granite stratum by adopting the small pilot tunnel construction method, thus the fast and high efficiency construction performance of TBM can be fully utilized.     

Design Method and Application of Rock and Support System for Super large Span Tunnel（超大跨度隧道围岩支护体系构件化设计方法及其应用研究）

In order to guarantee the stability of surrounding rock and support structure of super large span tunnel and realize quantification of support structure design, the optimal excavation contour line shape is obtained based on study of influence of initial ground stress on bearing arch of surrounding rock; a new quantitative design method, in which the surrounding rock is regarded as an arch structure, bolts, cables, shotcrete and lining are designed to satisfy the intensity, rigidity and stability of the arch structure, is presented to design the support structure system. The method has been successfully applied to super large span tunnel of Badaling Great Wall Station on Beijing Zhangjiajie High speed Railway; and the applicable results show that the maximum accumulative settlement of crown top of large span section is only 17.3 mm, and the relative subsidence of crown top is only 0.09%, which can meet safety requirements.     

偏压荷载对箱型明洞受力影响及设计要点

为研究偏压荷载对箱型明洞结构受力影响，为该类明洞结构的设计提供理论依据，以某道路开孔箱型明洞工程为例，采用ANSYS有限元数值模拟方法进行计算分析,综合研究结果表明： 1）偏压回填箱型明洞靠山侧墙底部和外侧墙顶部受力较大，设计配筋时需要加强； 2）靠山侧墙背回填土侧压力对明洞结构受力影响较大，改善回填材料内摩擦角大小可以有效降低明洞结构内力，当内摩擦角增大到47°时最为经济； 3）可以通过在明洞洞顶回填EPE的方式减轻洞顶冲击荷载，降低明洞内力，最优回填厚度为0.9 m。     

海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理关键技术研究——以大连地铁5号线火梭区间海底隧道为例

海底岩溶隧道勘察、设计难度大,施工风险高。以大连市地铁5号线海底岩溶大直径盾构隧道为研究对象,首次采用“跨孔CT物探+钻探”的海底隧道岩溶勘察方案,通过有限元计算确定海底岩溶隧道加固范围,通过抗浮计算确定岩溶隧道基底加固标准,提出海底岩溶的海面预处理具体实施方案和盾构针对性设计方案,从而形成一整套海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理方案。     

新建地铁站基坑临近及无覆土下穿运营地铁站安全技术措施研究

为研究不同工法零距离施工对既有站的影响,提出切实可行的控制措施,以南京地铁上海路站换乘站为例,介绍新建地铁站（5号线）与运营地铁站（2号线）呈十字换乘情况下,对新建地铁站施作临近基坑及采用无覆土下穿运营地铁站技术的风险管控措施进行研究。提出： 1）通过增设隔离桩,在既有车站两侧形成2个完整基坑,基坑施工可确保既有站运营和结构安全; 2）对换乘节点暗挖段,通过釆用10步分导洞开挖、无覆土完整支护体系,可有效控制运营车站下沉,确保运营安全。     

隧道微差爆破的延时计算及电子雷管减振应用

为实现复杂环境下隧道爆破减振,根据微差爆破延时计算理论,综合考虑围岩的物理力学参数及隧道爆破施工参数,提出采用电子雷管进行微差爆破的延时计算方法。研究起爆药量对爆破地震波振速和主频的影响,并将研究成果应用到成渝客专新红岩隧道爆破工程中。结果表明： 1）微差爆破的合理延时需要考虑岩石破碎及沿裂缝扩展到掌子面并抛掷足够距离的时间; 2）采用微差爆破延时计算方法,可合理设置电子雷管延时,实现单孔间隔微差爆破,有效降低峰值振速、提高振动主频; 3）在新红岩隧道爆破工程中,采用电子雷管爆破相比毫秒非电雷管爆破振速减小60%以上,证明电子雷管微差爆破延时计算方法的准确性和合理性。     

瓦斯爆炸隧道内冲击波特征及衬砌损伤机制数值研究

为探究隧道瓦斯爆炸致灾机制,以成都洛带古镇隧道瓦斯爆炸为工程背景,基于等效爆能理论对隧道内积聚瓦斯进行量化研究,采用LS-DYNA中ALE技术建立与隧道几何结构一致的流固耦合数值模型,以RHT模型模拟衬砌并修正关键参数,研究隧道内冲击波特征并与经验解析式计算结果对比,同时将衬砌损伤特征的数值模拟结果与现场调研情况进行对比。结果表明： 1)流固耦合模型可以再现隧道内的爆炸过程; 2)受衬砌约束,爆炸冲击波在隧道内发生反复、无规则反射,致使其强度剧增、衰减缓慢且流场复杂,曲边墙脚处的反射效应最强; 3)爆心距5 m范围内的衬砌在冲击波剧烈冲压作用下完全破坏,5~10 m的衬砌在较高压、拉应力共同作用下严重受损,10 m外的衬砌主要在较高拉应力下形成损伤裂缝。经对比,衬砌损伤的数值模拟结果与现场情况基本一致。