Maritime commercial malpractices and piracy under international law

The term 'Piracy' tends to be used in a loose, popular sense to refer to various acts of violence or lawlessness at sea which are not, strictly speaking, acts of piracy in law. In this article, the author examines the concept of piracy under international law and related notions such as hijacking and mutiny. In this context, he shows that the 'malpractices' of robber bands in such places as the inshore waters of Nigeria and The Philippines are not acts of piracy jure gentium.     

Specification of a tour-based neighborhood shopping model

This paper presents a state-of-the practice neighborhood shopping travel demand model. The model structure is designed to incorporate decisions across five dimensions of shopping travel, including decisions of: (1) household tour frequency; (2) participating party; (3) shopping tour type; (4) mode, and (5) destination choices using a tour-based nested-logit model. As a neighborhood model, we have also captured the interrelated effects of three main factors associated with shopping travel decisions both within and outside of the neighborhood, including the residential location within the neighborhood, the neighborhood regional setting and the household structure. The model was validated using the travel data collected in three neighborhoods located in the Puget Sound region, WA. Results show that household socio-demographics have significant effects on the decisions for household tour frequency, mode and destination choices, while the characteristics of the traveling party have considerable impacts on the decisions for tour type. The level of service and the zone attractions influence decisions about mode and destination choices. The day of week variable (weekday versus weekend) is statistically significant in all models, indicating that weekday shopping travel decisions differ from weekend, across all five dimensions of interest. The paper concludes with a discussion about how the model can be used to examine policy-related neighborhood issues (e.g. accessibility).     

A tale of two cities

Land use and transportation mutually affect each other. Unfortunately, most transportation decision making procedures assume that public agencies cannot shape future land use patterns, and that past land use practices unswervingly determine future conditions. In A Tale of Two Cities, the author surveys the correlations between land use policies and travel behavior in two Oregon cities (Portland and Hillsboro).Building on successes the City of Portland has achieved in reducing reliance on the automobile, the author outlines a recent project by 1000 Friends of Oregon, titled Making the Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality Connection (LUTRAQ). According to the author, the purpose of LUTRAQ is to replicate Portland's approach in a more suburban context. Specifically, LUTRAQ is attempting to develop a realistic land use/transportation/demand management alternative to a proposed new bypass freeway and to accurately measure that alternative for its effects on travel demand, land use, air quality, climate change, and other indices. Although LUTRAQ is a project in progress, the author provides preliminary information that suggests the alternative successfully reduces demand for single occupancy automobile travel.     

Research on the CTCS-4 Train Control System Based on Track Circuit Information FusionEI北大核心

Research purposes: CTCS-3 train control system is adopted in Chinese high-speed railway with speed of 300 km/h or higher. It is based on track circuit to check train occupancy and adopt quasi-moving block. In recent years, rapid development of national economy has put forward higher requirements for the capacity of high-speed railway. As a higher level train control system, CTCS-4 train control system can realize virtual block or moving block, and further shorten headway, but it is still in the stage of theoretical research. So this paper aims to analyze the characteristics of high-speed railway, and to propose a scheme for the implementation of CTCS-4 train control system based on track circuit fusion. Research conclusions:(1)When the wireless communication between vehicle and ground is interrupted, transport efficiency of CTCS-4 train control system can not meet the transport demand of high-speed railway.(2)CTCS-4 train control system should have the CTCS-2 backup function, which can make non-communication trains run normally and ensure the transport efficiency.(3)CTCS-4 train control system should integrate track circuit information, which can make RBC obtain position information of non-communication trains, improve the availability of the system and avoid complicated operational rules.(4)Due to complexity of high-speed railway and change of existing equipment, virtual block can be used in early stage of CTCS-4 train control system.(5)The research results can provide some references for CTCS-4 train control system in high-speed railway. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

A New Technique of High-performance and Fast Tensioning Prestressed Anchorage CableEI北大核心

Research purposes: The large-span transition section tunnel of the Badaling Great Wall station on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway with the maximum excavation width of 32.7 m, and the largest excavation area of 494.4 m 2 , is the world's biggest traffic tunnel in the world with the largest excavation width and excavation area, which has difficult construction and high security risks. The initial support system of tunnel is mainly realized by prestressed bolt, prestressed cable and shotcrete. After test, anchor cable tension using the traditional anchor cable construction technology can't meet the design requirements, at the same time, it takes about 30 days to achieve prestressed tensioning. Therefore, we need to study the high-performance fast tensioning prestressed anchor cable technology, to effectively control surrounding rock deformation, to ensure the safety of construction, improve construction efficiency. Research conclusions:(1) The traditional anchor cable construction technology is adopted. The anchor cable tension value is mainly controlled by the grip force between the anchor rope and grouting body and the cohesive force between grouting body and surrounding rock. (2) The grip force between the anchor rope and the grouting body can be increased by about 2 times by increasing the "barb"; The cohesive force between the grouting body and the surrounding rock can be increased by 1.5 times by 6 ~ 7 MPa high-pressure grouting process. (3) The modified sulphoaluminate cement slurry can reach more than 30 MPa within 1 day of the slurry strength, so as to realize fast anchor cable tension within 1 day after grouting completion. (4)The research results can be used for reference in similar prestressed anchorage cable construction projects. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

轨道车辆直流牵引电机噪声的分析与研究

本文在城市轨道车辆牵引电机噪声测试的基础上,分析了牵引电机噪声的产生机理和频率分布以及对室内外环境的影响和传播途径。最后提出了牵引电机的降噪措施。     

FRP材料在海港工程中的应用

海工建筑物中的钢筋锈蚀已成为全世界普遍关注并日益突出的一大问题。FRP筋因其优越的防腐性、抗拉强度高、重量轻、总体使用成本低等特点,成为海工结构中钢筋的理想替代品。文中在分析有关资料的基础上,综述了国内外对FRP材料及其在土木工程中应用的研究,并结合海港码头结构的特点,提出FRP材料在海港工程应用中的关键技术,展望FRP应用前景。     

THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C INTAKE ON GLYCOHEMOGLOBIN MEASUREMENTS

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MODULATION OF A δ－AND C－FIBER EVOKED RESPONSES OF NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS IN THE SUPERFICIAL AND THE DEEPER DORSAL HORN OF THE ME

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