Development of a new traction control system for vehicles with automatic transmissions

A traction control system (TCS) is used to improve the acceleration performance on slippery roads by preventing excessive wheel slip. In this paper, a new traction control system using the integrated control of gear shifting and throttle actuation is developed for vehicles with automatic transmissions. In the design of the slip controller, by means of a differential manifold transformation, a slip control system with nonlinearities and uncertainties is transformed into a linear system, and a sliding mode controller is applied for the purpose of increasing the robustness of the system. Next, to achieve the required driving torque, the optimal throttle and gear position, maps are constructed based on dynamic programming. The simulation results indicate that the present traction control system can improve the acceleration performance of an automatic transmission vehicle for various types of road conditions.     

Heat exchanger/catalytic system for reducing the exhaust emissions from diesel engines

A system has been researched over the past 3 years for reducing the exhaust pollutants from diesel engines for light commercial vehicles. The system researched achieves Euro 6 standards for reduction of polluting gases (CO, HC, PM, NO). It consists of 4 main sections: 1. A heater and heat exchanger (HE); 2. A CO/HC oxidising catalyst (D°C); 3. Pt catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF); 4. A NO reducing reaction (SCR) within the DPF. The system operates as follows. The exhaust gas contains oxidising gases, namely both O₂ and NO₂. The levels of CO and HC are oxidised by O₂ to CO₂ for temperatures above 200°C. Carbon (PM) is oxidised to CO₂ by NO₂ but requires a temperature above 250°C. The operating exhaust temperature of 300°C is ideal for the removal of NO by using the Pt catalyst and the CO generated within the DPF. The heater is required to be able to raise the exhaust temperature at any time to 300°C in order to optimise the performance of the system, since diesel engine exhaust temperatures vary between 160°C (slow speeds) to 350°C (high speeds). Considerable heat is required (??3 kW) to maintain the exhaust gas for a 2l engine at 300°C for engine idle conditions. Therefore a heat exchanger is required to re-circulate the input heat and thereby reduce the maximum power consumption to a maximum of 500W over the engine full operating test cycle. This energy is supplied by the engine battery and alternator. Experimental results have been obtained for the exhaust from a Kubota diesel engine and the reductions in exhaust emissions of 83% (CO/ HC), 58% (NOx) and 99% (PM) were obtained. The PM was continuously cleaned so that there was no build up of back pressure.     

Réflexions sur le transfert méthodologique de l’analyse qualitative d’accidents de la circulation routière issue de l’étude détaillée des accidents (EDA) fran?aise aux procédures d’accidents colombiennes

Nearly 90% of the traffic accidents that occur worldwide happen in developing countries. Yet road safety remains a little-studied subject in these countries, and notably accidentology studies, which provide a wealth of information. One of the major problems in studying road accidents in developing countries lies in the lack of reliable accident data. Indeed, while the comprehensive accident analysis methodologies used in developed countries provide an understanding of the origin of accidents and accident processes, as well as making it possible to define suitable, effective actions, they require reliable and relatively detailed accident data. These methodologies are notably based on detailed accident studies (DASs) and their adaptation to the analysis of accident reports. Colombia has an infrastructure for gathering and storing traffic accident data that can be used to perform comprehensive accident analyses. This article defines the feasibility of a technology transfer (clinical accident analysis) to the Colombian equivalent of accident reports. These observations are part of a doctoral thesis prepared jointly by the IFSTTAR Accident Mechanisms Research Unit and the University of the Andes in Bogotá.     

高速列车用轨道制动装置

在市场经济条件下，发展俄罗斯的高速铁路运输业是很迫切的任务。由于客车运行速度的提高，与其他形式的高速工具相比，即使2站间的运输距离很长，铁路运输的竞争力也在不断增强。然而，摆在面前的突出问题是要提高列车运行的安全性，解决这个问题，在很大程度上取决于制动系统的工作效率和工作稳定性。     

摩擦楔块几何尺寸对货车转向架性能的影响

分析了俄罗斯18-100型三大件货车转向架摩擦楔块结构的特点,指出改变摩擦楔块形状可以改进转向架的性能.     

EXPRESSION OF PRE S ROTEIN OF HBV AS A ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE FUSION PROTEINS IN NIH 3T3 CELLS

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OPIOIDS MODULATE NMDA－EVOKED RESPONSES OF NEURONS IN THE SUPERFICIAL AND THE DEEPER DORSAL HORN OF THE MEDULLA

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MODULATION OF A δ－AND C－FIBER EVOKED RESPONSES OF NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS IN THE SUPERFICIAL AND THE DEEPER DORSAL HORN OF THE ME

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湖泊疏浚泥固化筑堤现场试验研究

结合无锡五里湖疏浚泥的处理问题,第一次利用国产大型淤泥固化处理专用设备和复合型淤泥固化材料,对疏浚出的底泥进行了固化处理和筑堤试验。通过对堤体现场取样测定了填筑土样的强度、变形和渗透性性质,结果表明采用淤泥固化处理设备固化的淤泥28d强度、变形和渗透系数能够满足堤防筑堤的要求,可以作为土方材料进行使用,实现了疏浚泥的资源化利用,解决了大量疏浚泥难以处理的难题,同时也证明了国产淤泥固化设备在处理淤泥问题上具有技术可行性。