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71.
R. B. Richardson 《Maritime Policy and Management》1977,4(4):203-208
Although considerable progress has recently been made in the evolution of marine traffic procedures in coastal and waterway areas, mariners are finding difficulty in coping with the diverse traffic schemes that have so far been devised. This paper is a plea for international and logical marine traffic management, so that ships can operate safely and efficiently within a framework of the proliferating offshore zonal legislation that we are now witnessing. 相似文献
72.
This is one of two papers designed to test the ability of a theoretical model of productivity measurement [1] with times series empirical data. The analysis was able to identify trends in productivity growth for sailing ships and stcamships. scparating long and short run components . One of the interesting features of the findings is that the long run growth rate is the same for both sailing and steamships. Although sail and steam appear to be two unique technologies, it is found that technologica progress is evolutionary not revolutionary.
The techique using covariance analysis proved useful for times series productivity measurement. 相似文献
The techique using covariance analysis proved useful for times series productivity measurement. 相似文献
73.
Stanley B. Gershwin David M. Orlicki 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》1984,18(6):441-458
A new assignment principle for traveler behavior in an urban network is described which is based on empirical findings in the theory of travel budgets. It characterizes the distribution of travelers, demand, and modal split. It treats all travel decisions (whether to travel, where to go, how to get there) and the important costs (time and money) in a single, unified way. A numerical technique is proposed and it is applied to several examples to illustrate qualitative features. 相似文献
74.
To plan new bus routes in suburban areas, expected bus running times on these routes are needed. Using most readily available relevant variables, a regression model is developed for estimating bus running times. The model is conceptually reasonable and it was tested using data other than that used for estimation. 相似文献
75.
76.
John B. Yolland 《Maritime Policy and Management》1979,6(3):175-181
Due to the capital-intensive nature of the modern shipping industry, loan finance plays a major role in vessel-acquisition cost. In this paper, J. B. Yolland discusses government-guaranteed finance, ancillary and commercial new building finance and finance for second-hand tonnage. He also examines a new source of funding found in the Euro-market. 相似文献
77.
78.
A path-based user-equilibrium traffic assignment algorithm that obviates path storage and enumeration 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a novel user-equilibrium (UE) traffic assignment algorithm, which under conventional assumptions, promises to compute UE arc flows to acceptable precision, regardless of the network’s topology, size or congestion:
- • The algorithm takes the simple approach of shifting flow from a costliest path to a cheapest path until the costs of all used paths are within a given of the cheapest.
- • Because of being path-based, it avoids tailing.
- • In spite of being path-based, it neither stores nor enumerates paths.
- • These efficiencies derive from decomposing the problem into a sequence of easy single-origin problems on acyclic sub-networks.
79.
B. R. Dansie 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》1985,19(6):526-528
A particular parameter estimability problem in the multinomial probit model is considered. Making use of a model discussed in the literature, some problems with the usual method of specification are discussed. Some general comments are made on the problem of selecting a normalisation when using the multinomial probit model. 相似文献
80.