Evaluating air emission inventories and indicators from cruise vessels at ports

This paper provides an estimation of air emissions (CO₂, NO_X, SO_X and PM) released by cruise vessels at the port level. The methodology is based on the “full bottom-up” approach and starts by evaluating the fuel consumed by each vessel on the basis of its individual port activities (manoeuvring, berthing and hoteling). The Port of Barcelona was selected as the site at which to perform the analysis, in which 125 calls of 30 cruise vessels were monitored. Real-time data from the automatic identification system (AIS), factor emissions from engine certificates and vessel characteristics from IHS Sea-web database were also collected for the analysis. The research findings show that the most appropriate indicators are inventory emissions per “port-time gross tonnage”, “port-time passenger” and “port time”. These emission indicators improve our understanding of cruise emissions and will facilitate the work that aims to estimate reliably and quickly the in-port ship emission inventories of cruise ports.     

An activity-based approach of investigating travel behaviour of older people

The paper presents the results of an investigation on daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour of older people by using an advanced econometric model and a household travel survey, collected in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Canada in 2011. The activity-travel scheduling model considers a dynamic time–space constrained scheduling process. The key contribution of the paper is to reveal daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour through a comprehensive econometric framework. The resulting empirical model reveals many behavioural details. These include the role that income plays in moderating out-of-home time expenditure choices of older people. Older people in the highest and lowest income categories tend to have lower variations in time expenditure choices than those in middle-income categories. Overall, the time expenditure choices become more stable with increasing age, indicating that longer activity durations and lower activity frequency become more prevalent with increasing age. Daily activity type and location choices reveal a clear random utility-maximizing rational behaviour of older people. It is clear that increasing spatial accessibility to various activity locations is a crucial factor in defining daily out-of-home activity participation of older people. It is also clear that the diversity of out-of-home activity type choices reduces with increasing age and older people are more sensitive to auto travel time than to transit or non-motorized travel time.     

Isolating high-priority metro and feeder bus transfers using smart card data

Fixed-rail metro (or ‘subway’) infrastructure is generally unable to provide access to all parts of the city grid. Consequently, feeder bus lines are an integral component of urban mass transit systems. While passengers prefer a seamless transfer between these two distinct transportation services, each service’s operations are subject to a different set of factors that contribute to metro-bus transfer delay. Previous attempts to understand transfer delay were limited by the availability of tools to measure the time and cost associated with passengers’ transfer experience. This paper uses data from smart card systems, an emerging technology that automatically collects passenger trip data, to understand transfer delay. The primary objective of this study is to use smart card data to derive a reproducible methodology that isolates high priority transfer points between the metro system and its feeder-bus systems. The paper outlines a methodology to identify transfer transactions in the smart card dataset, estimate bus headways without the aid of geographic location information, estimate three components of the total transfer time (walking time, waiting time, and delay time), and isolate high-priority transfer pairs. The paper uses smart card data from Nanjing, China as a case study. The results isolate eight high priority metro-bus transfer pairs in the Nanjing metro system and finally, offers several targeted measures to improve transfer efficiency.     

Genetics of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning

This paper presents a review and classification of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning purposes by using concepts analogous to genetics in biology. Traffic assignment models share the same theoretical framework (DNA), but differ in capability (genes). We argue that all traffic assignment models can be described by three genes. The first gene determines the spatial capability (unrestricted, capacity restrained, capacity constrained, and capacity and storage constrained) described by four spatial assumptions (shape of the fundamental diagram, capacity constraints, storage constraints, and turn flow restrictions). The second gene determines the temporal capability (static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic) described by three temporal assumptions (wave speeds, vehicle propagation speeds, and residual traffic transfer). The third gene determines the behavioural capability (all-or-nothing, one shot, and equilibrium) described by two behavioural assumptions (decision-making and travel time consideration). This classification provides a deeper understanding of the often implicit assumptions made in traffic assignment models described in the literature. It further allows for comparing different models in terms of functionality, and paves the way for developing novel traffic assignment models.     

超宽带对卫星通信业务的干扰分析

针对超宽带（UWB,Ultra Wide Band）设备对窄带无线业务的干扰,通过对UWB空间分布进行投影和方位加权,提出一种新的三维投影干扰分析模型。该模型适于分析UWB设备对高增益、强方向性受扰设备干扰。在此模型基础上分析UWB对卫星通信业务的干扰,通过仿真得出了C波段卫星通信业务对UWB的使用限制。     

电子设备测试场中的电磁辐射与防护

电子设备测试场是复杂电磁环境,是电磁辐射富集的地方,电磁辐射对人体健康的影响已经引起人们的普遍关注。文章介绍了电磁辐射对参试人员身体健康的危害及其作用原理,并讨论了其防护措施。     

DEA方法在电子对抗装备软件综合评价中的应用研究

针对电子对抗装备软件综合评价中四种不同的群体,建立装备软件综合评价的指标体系,并根据其特点,将模糊综合评价方法和DEA方法结合起来,建立了电子对抗装备软件综合评价和装备软件组织与设计开发方案选择模型,最后给出一个实例验证了模型的正确性。     

基于寿命分布的备件需求计算模型分析

根据指数分布、正态分布和威布尔分布的寿命分布类型,对航海装备的一些维修备件进行分类,并提出了在满足备件保障度下这三种寿命分布类型备件的需求计算模型,对一些备件需求预测实例进行了预测计算。     

基于最大熵谱估计的舰船静电场实时检测方法

舰船静电场是海水中舰船产生的物理场之一,是很难被隐身的目标特征信号.以往对静电场的检测方法都是基于信号的时域特征,低信噪比情况下,检测效果差.通过对舰船静电场的频域特征分析发现,其能量主要集中在低频段,利用这个特点,提出了一种基于最大熵谱估计(MESE)的舰船静电场实时检测的方法.首先对舰船静电场信号进行最大熵谱估计,然后提取低频段功率谱值作为特征量,通过设定的浮动阈值进行分段功率谱滑动检测,用实船数据对该方法进行了验证,取得了较好的效果.     

完善预防预警机制 提高防灾搜救能力：部际联手 构筑和谐水上安全屏障

2008年,对于中国人来说,是极不平凡的一年。 但无论是南方雪灾、汶川地震时保障水路通畅,还是举办奥运战浒苔、防抗台风保平安,总有一种坚定的力量,在危急时刻营救生命、排除万难,为营造和谐的水上环境,构筑起一道安全屏障：这力量来自于党中央、国务院、中央军委正确领导下的国家海上搜救部际联席会议各成员单位及国务院相关部门。