含软弱土层边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术

提出了一种用于边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术,首先采用三角网格进行了边坡土层的几何离散,然后,结合蒙特卡洛法等角/等边逐段扫描与模拟退火法,构建了全套的边坡全局临界滑面搜索扫描算法。以Fortran和Matlab为计算手段进行联合编程,采用简明Morgenstern-Price法进行了边坡稳定性分析计算。通过选用3个算例进行了算法的可靠性验证,计算结果表明:截面三角网格划分方法具有良好的适应性,能较好地对不规则层位几何形状进行离散;多段折线滑面具有较圆弧滑面更为优秀的极限滑面定位功能,其安全系数随着滑面段数的增加会逐步达到收敛;本搜索方法可不依赖于工程师经验进行多段折线初始滑面的大致范围选择,其能快速地、全自动地进行由弱到强不同复杂土质情况的边坡稳定性计算分析,并能找到全局临界滑面与安全系数。     

The influence of variable message signs on en-route diversion between a toll highway and a free competing alternative

Transportation - In the field of road transport, Advanced Traveller Information Systems represent a relevant tool to manage road traffic, improve drivers’ utility and make a more efficient...     

鱼雷发动机三组元比例控制器数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件Pumplinx模拟鱼雷发动机中三组元比例控制器的内部流场,分析计算中不同压差情况下对比例控制器性能的影响,以及叶片与定子间间隙大小对于比例控制器性能的影响,同时对不同叶片数目下性能进行对比。计算结果表明:由于比例控制器为被动旋转马达结构,其转速和流量均随时间呈周期性脉动变化,随着工作压差增大,转速脉动幅度基本保持不变,而流量和扭矩脉动幅值增加;随着间隙增大,泄漏量增大,但流量、扭矩、转速脉动幅值大幅降低,出口流量较为平稳;叶片数目增多后比例控制器转速降低、排量降低。由计算结果推断出目前比例控制器的最优叶片数目为4。本文可为进一步研究比例控制器精度问题提供参考。     

地下连续墙的受力状态及计算图式分析

在地下连续墙工程现场观测的基础上,对其受力状态进行了分析探讨。指出单元墙段是呈双向弯曲受力状态。因而按现行设计(单向受弯)的配筋计算应做适当的调整。在用筋总量不增加的基础上,使墙体结构设计更加合理、完善、经济、可靠。     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

南宁大桥主桥承台混凝土施工质量控制探讨

文章结合南宁大桥主桥承台大体积混凝土施工实例,分析了大体积混凝土产生裂缝的原因,并从承台大体积混凝土施工方案、材料选择、配合比设计、现场浇筑质量控制等方面,介绍了保证承台大体积混凝土施工质量的控制措施以及取得的效果,对类似工程有一定的借鉴作用。     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Empirical analysis and comparisons about time-allocation patterns across segments based on mode-specific preferences

A three-stage approach, i.e., factor-cluster-multi-group Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), is designed to explore the commonalities and diversities with respect to relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and time-use patterns across different segments. Factor-cluster analysis is conducted to extract meaningful factors from attitudinal statements, and then group the sample population into three segments, each with a unique combination of mode preferences for public transit, private car, and motorcycle. By virtue of multi-group SEM, the relationships between socio-demographics and time allocated to activities and travel are found to be significantly different across segments. This study highlights the importance of latent psychological factors in segmentation. For policy implication, specific population with unique psychological features must be targeted in order to efficiently and effectively design and implement transport measures.     

低输量运行管道的不稳定性分析

针对热油管道的低输量问题,着重从管道的水力特性和热力特性2个方面进行分析,评述了温度和管道摩阻损失随距离和输量变化的情况,总结出管道低输量运行会带来凝管事故、翻越点增多、发生管道超压现象和费用增加等问题,并提出了降低低输量管道不稳定性的方法及具体措施,为保证管道的安全运行提供了参考.     

Drivers’ adoption of electronic payment in the Spanish toll road network

Transportation - Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems are based on tags, on-board units associated to personal bank accounts, used for paying tolls electronically. Despite the benefits...