废气旁通阀开度对增压直喷汽油机部分负荷性能的影响

汽油机节气门产生的节流损失对增压发动机泵气损失的影响相当严重,尤其是在中小负荷时,针对这一问题采用试验的方法研究了中小负荷下旁通阀开度对增压直喷汽油机性能的影响。研究结果表明,在节气门开度较小的小负荷工况下,涡轮增压器不宜工作,否则排气背压过大,对发动机非常不利;而废气旁通阀全开可以减小排气背压,能使发动机的动力性和经济性提高3%左右。对废气旁通阀的合理控制可以实现发动机在自然吸气和涡轮增压两种模式之间的转换。     

Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

高压共轨高速电磁阀自升压双电源驱动方法研究

在对现有高压共轨高速电磁阀驱动电路进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于电磁阀自身的自升压方式,一方面把高速电磁阀关闭时本身储存的电能回收到储能电容中,另一方面在两缸工作间隙利用电磁阀线圈作为升压电路电感对储能电容进行能量补充,保证储能电容上的电压达到一个稳定状态。电路在保证实现双电压快速驱动的同时,使驱动结束的能量得到有效回收,同时省去外接专用升压电路所需要的电感部件,减小了电源电路的体积和设计成本,并且电控单元印制线路板的电磁兼容性设计易于保证。应用该方法对某高压共轨部件高速电磁阀进行试验,匹配出驱动参数,并进行稳定性试验验证,结果表明该方法能够满足工程应用需求。     

TNFα、Leptin-Rb、NF-κB和PPAR-γ在酒精性肝病大鼠肝细胞中的表达

目的 探讨TNFα、NF-κB、Leptin-Rb和PPAR-γ等在大鼠酒精性肝病中与肝组织炎症、坏死和纤维化的关系.方法 胃造瘘法建立长期大鼠酒精性肝病模型,分别在第4、8、12、24和52周用免疫组化、原位杂交和RT-PCR技术检测不同阶段大鼠肝组织中TNFα、NF-κB、PPAR-γ和Leptin-Rb等的表达.结果 TNFα、NF-κB和Leptin-Rb水平在模型组大鼠肝细胞中,第8周表达逐渐增强,第24周起高水平表达一直持续至52周(P<0.01).PPAR-γ在对照组和第4、8周模型组肝细胞中表达最强,第12周表达开始减弱.TNFα和NF-κB在肝细胞中的表达呈明显正相关关系,与PPAR-γ则呈负相关关系(P<0.01).结论 TNFα和NF-κB与肝细胞病变程度有很好的一致性关系,Leptin-Rb在肝细胞的表达与肝纤维化发展相一致,PPAR-γ则刚好相反.     

生存素在5-氟尿嘧啶诱导人绒癌细胞株JAR凋亡中的作用

目的探讨生存素(survivin)在化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)诱导的人绒癌细胞株(JAR)凋亡中的作用。方法用JAR细胞株进行培养传代,以不同浓度5-Fu作用于JAR细胞,MTT方法观察5-Fu对JAR细胞生长的抑制情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,用逆转录聚合酶链(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹技术(Western-blot)方法检测survivin基因和蛋白的表达。结果①5-Fu对JAR细胞的生长具有抑制作用,并有浓度和时间的依赖性;②5-Fu诱导JAR细胞凋亡,凋亡率随浓度而增加;③5-Fu作用后survivin基因和蛋白表达减少,随浓度增加而减少。结论5-Fu可能是通过降低survivin表达水平,诱导JAR细胞凋亡。     

公路工程投标报价的探讨

从国内公路工程招投标工作的具体实践出发,探讨、分析投标报价,在帮助投标单位取得中标并获得更高施工利润的同时,希望能够与招标单位共同探讨：如何更加合理地开展投标报价,使其投标文件更具竞争性。     

The role of interleukin-8 produced by tumor induced fibroblasts in the development of cutaneous melanoma

Objective To determine the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) produced by tumor induced fibroblasts in the development of cutaneous melanoma. Methods B16 melanoma cells induced L929 fibroblasts phenotype was transdifferentiated to myofibroblasts (MF) by co-culture in vitro. MF was monitored by morphology and immunophenotype for a-SMA. The level of IL-8 was detected by ELISA. The effect on B16 cell proliferation rate was estimated using MIT method in vitro. Melanoma implanting model was constructed in C57 mice. Results L929 MF phenotype could be modulated by B16 melanoma cells-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and elevated the levels of IL-8. L929 MF did not influence the B16 melanoma cells viability in vitro, but shortened the time of tumor formation and increased the incidence rates of tumors in C57 implanting model mice. Conclusion Fibroblasts can be activated by tumor cells and produce IL-8, which acts as an inflammatory cytokine promoting the development of cutaneous melanoma.     

拉力型锚索锚固段长度的一种确定方法

文章分析了锚杆拉拔试验的结果,提出了非全长粘结型锚索锚固段剪应力沿长度分布的二次抛物线模式,以及确定锚固段长度的合理方法,并以工程实例说明了文中提出的锚索锚固段长度计算方法的合理性.     

KYD水库底孔泄洪洞平底渐扩式消力池优化试验

通过新疆青河县KYD水库底孔泄洪洞平底渐扩式消力池设计方案的试验,发现消力池池深、池长、边墙高远不能满足安全泄流要求。优化方案试验结果表明,对于渐扩角1.37°的渐扩式消力池按等宽度矩形消力池估算时池长基本满足要求,但是池深估算误差较大。联立溢洪道设计规范中的渐扩式消力池共轭水深计算公式和渐扩式消力池池深经验公式可较准确地计算池深。为了减小跃后水流剧烈脉动,降低跃后水深,采用了悬栅式消能工。试验结果表明,水跃淹没度增大,悬栅起到了破碎栅条上部水跃剧烈回旋运动引起的表面漩滚,消力池内水深降低,最大水深减小1.0 m,陡坡段和消力内水流脉动明显减弱,浪花溅起高度明显小于加悬栅前。