Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

给定最大度的极大拉普拉斯谱单圈偶图

通过图的移接变形对拉普拉斯谱半径的影响,研究了给定最大度为Δ2的n阶极大拉普拉斯谱单圈偶图的性质,得到了它的规范拉普拉斯谱向量中绝对值最大的分量对应的顶点的度均等于Δ且这些顶点的位置均在圈上。     

基于车辆平顺性分析的橡胶衬套动态特性建模

橡胶衬套的动态特性与载荷的激振频率、幅值等因素相关,其模型的准确性影响车辆平顺性的仿真精度。建立了包含材料弹性、粘弹性与弹塑性的橡胶衬套动态模型,分别采用多项式、分数导数与Bouc-wen模型描述橡胶衬套的弹性、频率相关性及振幅相关性。通过参数辨识确定衬套模型参数并进行仿真,验证了所建模型的准确性。     

NH_3-SCR钒系催化剂的制备及脱硝性能研究

为了有效控制柴油机NOx排放量,采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同组合含量的钨基催化剂及掺杂不同过渡金属M的改性催化剂M-V2O5-WO3/TiO2(其中M可以是Ni,Zr,Fe,Cu),分别对两类催化剂进行了SCR脱硝活性测试,并进一步用XRD,TEM和NH3-TPD对催化剂进行了表征。研究表明,催化剂掺杂金属Zr时的催化效率较高,在低温(150℃)时也有较高的活性。催化剂活性增加的原因可能是掺杂金属Zr加强了V,W及载体TiO2的分散性,提高氧化还原能力和表面酸性,从而促进SCR性能。     

以公交为导向的城市土地开发模式探讨

城市土地开发模式的变革对城市交通系统的产生了新的要求,同时城市交通系统也会反作用于城市形态和用地开发.文章首先探讨了城市交通与土地开发的互动关系,并从内涵、基本结构和规划原则等方面对基于公交导向的土地开发模式（Transit Oriented Development,简称TOD）进行了初步探究.然后以新加坡、香港新市和波特兰及巴西库里蒂巴为例进行TOD模式实践剖析,体现TOD模式优越性与可持续性,最后总结了我国城市发展TOD的问题并给出了实施建议.     

港口通讯技术应用与发展

秦皇岛港煤炭、矿石等物料的装卸作业现场地域广阔,控制工艺流程复杂,要求严密,设备利用率高.除了单机的性能因素外,生产流程总效率主要决定于生产控制中心与各单机间的通信质量.因此在将近20年的时间里,秦皇岛港曾对通讯系统进行过几次技术升级和改造,从中发掘生产潜力.     

皮带机导料槽密封形式的改进

在黄骅港煤炭输送系统中,每两条皮带机的转接处都设置了导料槽,在导料槽的侧板上装有胶皮与胶带相接触,起到密封防尘作用(见图1).导料槽原设计采用单层侧板及胶皮密封,使用中密封胶皮磨损很快,仅半月左右就需要停机调整间隙或更换胶皮,对生产造成了一定的影响,因此有必要设计一种新的导料槽密封形式,以解决上述问题.     

依托海河联运兴起水运物流

水运物流的发展与临港产业等相关产业发展紧密相关,俗话说“以港兴城,以城托港”,加大对临港产业的投入,利用沿海港口码头的条件和优势,取得水运物流支持,才能真正发挥海河联运作用,带动城市地方经济的快速发展。海盐县位于浙江省北部杭嘉湖平原,水运优势十分明显,境内河流众多,水网交织,域内有航道37条,通航里程达239.22公里,其中五级航道57.53公里,六级航道62.3公里,七级及七级以下的航道119.39公里,航道密度达47.18公里/每百平方公里。随着海河联运、临港产业的兴起,将给海盐水运物流带来机遇与挑战并存的发展局面。     

浅谈对BOT项目的认识

BOT是带资承包的一种特殊的融资方式，由于BOT项目投资大、风险多，但又回报丰厚，因此被称为“带刺的玫瑰”。BOT是英文Bulld-Operate-Transfer，“建设-运营-移交”的缩写。在国际融资领域里BOT不仅仅包含了建设、运营和移交的过程，更主要的是融资的一种方式．具有有限追索的特性。由于BOT项目具有有限追索的特性，BOT项目的债务不计八项目公司股东的资产负债表，