Effectiveness of different orthoses on joint moments in patients with early knee osteoarthritis: Lateral wedge versus valgus knee bracing

The purpose of the study was to test the biomechanical differences between a lateral wedge and a valgus knee bracing on the knee joint moment during walking in patients with early stage of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). We conducted a crossover randomized design to compare gait parameters of 32 patients (with early stage medial compartment knee OA) in three different conditions during walking: with a custom-made lateral wedge of 5° (in standard shoes), with a valgus knee bracing (in standard shoes), and with control condition (in standard shoes). Both two-orthose conditions showed decreased loading patterns (knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse) on the knee joint in dynamic condition (statistic probability P < 0.05). The decreased loading on OA knee in wedge condition was associated with a laterally shifted location of centre of pressure and increased ankle valgus degree and moment at the same foot (P < 0.05). It was not found significant differences in loading of the knee between these two-orthose conditions. These results indicated that, under dynamic condition, patients wearing lateral wedge and valgus knee bracing showed changes of moments on knee joints. Lateral wedge was as effective as valgus knee bracing in the treatment of early stage of knee OA.     

���ʶ�̬��ͨ��������Ӧ����ɢ·�߹滮

在重大灾害事件中,交通需求是影响区域疏散路线规划效果的关键因素之一.考虑实际应急疏散过程中的异质动态交通流差异性装载和分配过程,建立了一种基于受灾人员和应急物资两种异质动态交通流的最小费用流模型;然后针对两种异质流不能混合分配、网络流占用随时间变化更新等特点,提出了一种基于时间扩展的最小费用路线启发式算法,最后给出了相应的算例验证了模型和算法的可行性.结果表明：受灾人员响应行为的快慢影响着疏散时间、拥塞程度、分配的有向路数目;同时针对不同的受灾人员响应行为,调整应急物资装载时刻和装载量,可以有效缩短疏散时间.     

燃料电池汽车正面碰撞安全性研究

燃料电池汽车在结构上有别于传统汽车,其碰撞安全性尤应关注.文中重点对燃料电池汽车结构特点进行研究,建立燃料电池汽车正面碰撞有限元模型,运用LS-DYNA仿真确定车辆安全性能设计方案.同时根据燃料电池汽车的特点阐述了对其碰撞试验方法的思考.通过实车正面碰撞试验,验证了车辆结构改进设计的效果.     

基于正交设计的汽车前纵梁吸能结构的优化

为了增强某款SUV车的耐撞性,提出了一种带诱导槽的八边形结构、可逐级吸收碰撞能量的前纵梁,并建立了其准静态纵向压溃和台车碰撞两种有限元模型。在台车模型中考虑了台车质心位置和车轮模型的刚度、高速旋转与摩擦特性的影响;采用正交试验设计法对前纵梁的材料、壁厚和焊点位置进行了优化,并将优化结果用于底盘结构。底盘耐撞性试验结果表明,优化后结构具有较好的吸能能力。     

一种汽车电动导轨后视镜雨刷的设计

在研究常规汽车后视镜的基础上,设计了一种用于防止雨天后视镜视线模糊的雨刷。该雨刷能够在一定程度上解决雨水冲刷后视镜造成的安全隐患问题。     

一种基于吞吐量反推的海港交通需求预测方法

为克服传统"四阶段"预测模型以用地为原单位方法在货运需求预测中的不足,该文在充分考虑了不同性质用地货运特征不同的基础上,以整个海港集疏运系统为研究对象,借鉴出行链模型的相关内容,对海港集疏运涉及的外部路网、堆场、港口等各个产生货运交通流的环节进行全面的分析,得出一种基于吞吐量反推的海港交通需求预测方法。     

高速公路改扩建经验探讨

我国高速公路发展迅速,但随着交通量的快速增长,越来越多高速公路的服务水平和通行能力已不能满足日益增长的交通量的需求。因此,现有高速公路的改扩建必定是今后的建设热点,本文从高速公路改扩建工程的路基路面拼接、桥梁拼接、交通组织等方面,分析了高速公路改扩建工程的建设特点和成功经验。     

排水性路面在桥面铺装工程中的应用

该文介绍了以下层浇注式沥青混凝土+上层排水性路面作为桥面的铺装结构层。接着,阐述其设计思路。分别进行了两种沥青混合料的设计,提出排水性沥青路面施工要点。经路面现场检测,结果均能满足设计要求。     

不同设计变量情况下圆柱筒结构疲劳断裂寿命的灵敏性分析

首先提出了疲劳寿命的各因素灵敏梯度和灵敏度因子计算新方法,接着对确定性设计变量情况下的圆柱筒结构和含不确定性随机变量情况下的圆柱筒结构的疲劳寿命进行了灵敏性分析,得到了在影响耐压厚壁筒概率疲劳断裂寿命的诸多因素中,材料特性常数c,n的总影响比其它因素的影响大得多,c,n的精确性是计算或评估厚壁筒结构疲劳寿命的关键因素,所得结果对圆柱筒结构的设计、制造与使用提供理论依据.     

Error Analysis of Liquid Holdup Measurement in Gas-Liquid Annular Flow Through Circular Pipes Using High-Speed Camera Method

Accurate measurement of gas-liquid phase fraction is essential for the proper modelling of the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rate and interfacial area in two-phase flows. In this paper, taking the issue of optical distortion into account, an analytical model was proposed to estimate and correct the liquid holdup in gas-liquid annular flow through a circular pipe using high-speed camera method. The error in the liquid holdup measurement generated from different refractive indices among transparent circular pipe, liquid film and air core was firstly theoretically analyzed based on the geometric optics. Experimental tests were then carried out to identify the difference as well as to validate the proposed model. Results indicated that the prediction of the liquid holdup has a good performance with the experimental data (i.e., mean relative error is 4.1%) and the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. It was found that the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. Generally, when the real liquid holdup gets smaller, the discrepancy between the measured liquid holdup by image and the real liquid holdup becomes more significant. Thus, after measuring the liquid holdup from the images, the value of the measured liquid holdup must be corrected by the present model in order to obtain the real liquid holdup.