Development of a semi-empirical friction model in automotive driveshaft joints

High speed and sport utility vehicles with large joint articulation angle demand lower friction in automotive driveshaft joints to meet noise and vibration comfort levels. Thus a more thorough understanding of internal friction characteristics and mechanisms is required. In this paper, a friction model in automotive driveshaft joints was developed through the use of test data from an instrumented Constant Velocity (CV) joint friction apparatus with actual driveshaft assemblies. Experiments were conducted under different realistic operating conditions of oscillatory speeds, CV joint articulation angles, lubrication, and torque. The experimental data was used to develop a physics-based semi-empirical CV joint internal friction model as a function of different CV joint operating parameters. It was found that the proposed friction model captures the experimental results well. Also the friction model estimates the generated axial force (GAF) in tripod CV joints well, which is the main source of force that causes vehicle vibration problems.     

Analysis process of a steering system using a concept model for idle vibration

This paper describes the development of an optimal design process for a steering column system and supporting system. A design guide is proposed at the initial concept stage of the development process to obtain sufficient stiffness of the steering system while reducing the idle vibration sensitivity of the system. Case studies on resonance isolation are summarized, where vibration modes among the systems are separated by applying a vibration mode map at the initial stage of the design process. This study also provides design guidelines for an optimal dynamic damper system using a CAE (computer aided engineering) analysis. The damper FE (finite element) model is added to the vehicle model to analyze the relation between the frequency and the sensitivity of the steering column system. This analysis methodology makes it possible to achieve target performance in the early design stage and reduction of damper tuning activity after the proto car test stage. Through the proposed steering column system development process, a lightweight vehicle with high stiffness is possible prior to the proto build stage. Furthermore, the improved process is expected to contribute to reducing the overall development period and the number of proto car tests necessary to achieve the desired steering system performance.     

3-D numerical and experimental analysis for airflow within a passenger compartment

People use cars so frequently that they always consider the air-conditioning, and thermal comfort of the driver and passenger when buying a new car. Therefore accurate simulation of the thermal performance of automobile air conditioners to improve human comfort has become increasingly important. In order to improve the thermal comfort of passengers, 3-D flow motion and thermal behavior within vehicles must be analyzed. In this paper, a numerical simulation was used to investigate thermal behavior in a vehicle. Because air temperature at an air vent is related to the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, the cooling capacity was calculated using ɛ-NTU (effective number of transfer unit) theoretical equations. Using the air temperature relationship between inlet and outlet vents as boundary conditions, a 3-D unsteady κ-ɛ turbulent model was used to give a transient analysis simulation of the temperature field and flow conditions in a vehicle’s passenger cabin. Cooling cycle analysis and conjugate heat transfer analysis at the inside surface of the cabin’s ceiling, floor and sides were also considered. The predicted temperature distributions in the vehicles passenger cabin were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.     

Effect of fuel stratification on initial flame development: Part 2-low swirl condition

This paper is the second invstigation on the effect of fuel stratification on flame propagation. In the previous work, the characteristics under the no port-generated swirl condition, i.e., the conventional case was studied. In this work, the flame development under the low swirl condition was considered. For this purpose, the initial flame development and propagation were visualized under different axially stratified states in a modified optical single cylinder SI engine. The images were captured by an intensified CCD camera through the quartz window mounted in the piston. Stratification was controlled by the combination of the port swirl ratio and injection timing. These were averaged and processed to characterize the flame propagation. The flame stability was estimated by the weighted average of flame area and luminosity. The stability was also evaluated through the standard deviation of flame area and propagation distance and through the mean absolute deviation of the propagating direction. The results show that the flame-flow interaction determines the direction of flame propagation and that the governing roles of the two factors vary according to the stratified state and the location in the cylinder. In addition, the flame development and the initial flame stability are strongly dependent on the stratified conditions, and the initial flame stability is closely related to the engine stability and lean misfire limit. Lastly, there is no essential difference in gasoline and CNG flame propagation characteristics.     

摩托车后减震器贮油简组件焊接工艺的设定与工装设计

贮油简组件为较常见的双简式外简,分别由吊环底座组件、贮油筒及支承块焊接组成,其中吊环底座组件为凸焊组合,支承块与贮油筒为凸焊组合,然后吊环底座组件与贮油筒缝焊组合形成贮油筒组件,各零件在焊接后分别有尺寸、强度要求,并保证缝焊后满足气密要求。通过对焊接参数进行合理调整,注重了焊接工装的改进设计及焊接材料的合理选择,保证了摩托车后减震器贮油筒组件的焊接质量。     

俄罗斯铁路的微机联锁系统

简要回顾俄罗斯铁路联锁系统的发展历史，对继电器成本进行了经济有效性比较，介绍俄罗斯铁路微机联锁系统的组成。     

基于运行速度的高速公路超高设计方法探讨

基于运行速度,该文分析了如何检验高速公路圆曲线最大超高、一般路段超高、大纵坡路段超高设置的合理性,重点研究实际运行车速及横向力系数取值对超高取值的影响,并以深圳市东部过境高速公路典型路段为实例对超高的取值进行了分析,可供同行参考。     

Fuel consumption of fuel cell hybrid vehicles considering battery SOC differences

Fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) have become one of the most promising candidates for future transportation due to current energy supply problem and environmental problem. Fuel economy is an important factor in FCHVs. In order to properly evaluate the fuel economy of an FCHV, the initial battery state of charge (SOC) and the final battery SOC have to be identical so that the effect of the battery energy usage on the fuel economy is neglected. In the simulation or in the real driving, however, the final battery SOC is usually different from the initial battery SOC, and the final battery SOC often depends on the power management strategy. To consider the difference between the two battery SOC values, the concept of equivalent fuel consumption is presented by two methods. One is based on the relationship between delta SOC and delta fuel consumption, and the other is based on the optimal control theory. Two rule-based power management strategies for an FCHV are presented, and for each strategy, the fuel economy is evaluated based on the two methods. The characteristics of the two methods are discussed and compared, and the superior one is selected based on the comparison.     

在CAN中植入时间触发机制的研究

主要论述了在普通CAN网络中植入时间触发机制的准TTCAN模型架构。首先明确了其系统结构,包括单个结点的结构以及物理和逻辑结点的划分。其次论述了QTTCAN的传输方法和出错处理机制。最后则是利用现有CAN硬件进行的仿真实验,用以论证QTTCAN的可行性和可靠性。     

增压中冷柴油机湿式气缸套周向应变的动态测试与分析

针对内燃机气缸套的动态变形问题,提出一套对湿式缸套在工作时的变形进行测试的方法。通过对增压中冷柴油机湿式气缸套周向应变的动态测试与分析,绘出缸套在工作时产生的周向变形曲线,分析缸套变形的特点以及主要影响因素。研究结果表明:增压后转速升高对缸套应变影响不明显,缸套的最大变形出现在各作用力对缸套壁面作功最大的2 200 r/m in工况。