Evaluating economic and environmental value of liner vessel sharing along the maritime silk road

The Belt and Road initiative is a novel exploration of China towards strategic collaboration with Eurasia countries to an extent of a larger scale with higher and deeper level of cooperation. To meet the growing global demand of transportation, increasing numbers of liner shipping companies collaborate and form alliances to share vessel capacity and reduce capital costs. Effective liner shipping vessel sharing is essential for the Belt and Road initiative in terms of building efficient maritime transport networks. In promoting environmental development, shipping companies are required to attain higher environmental standards. However, limited literature relates vessel sharing to environmental performance. This paper studies the impacts of liner vessel sharing from the economic and environmental perspectives. Two container allocation models are developed for the two scenarios: with and without vessel sharing. The carbon emissions in transportation are calculated under both scenarios. Numerical studies are carried out using services along the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic (CIPE) Corridor. Liner shipping companies could benefit from vessel sharing in terms of significant profit improvement. Vessel sharing could also benefit the environment by reducing the CO₂ emissions dramatically.     

Empowering Stakeholders to Manage Stinging Jellyfish: A Perspective

A global challenge is dealing with the risk of envenomation by the stinging jellyfish. Those who are affected include: the people stung, tourist providers; diving and adventure operations, beach and park authorities, life guards, commercial marine operators as well as local and centralized government; we focus on tourism. There is a diversity of jellyfish that pose a risk and they vary greatly in their ecology. Here, we propose five eco-groups of jellyfish to assist in prioritizing estimates of the risks to a broad clientele. Eco-groups are: (1) “Pulse species” that impact on beaches for short well-defined periods; (2) “Shelf-wide species;” (3) “Nearshore species;” (4) “Drifter species” and (5) “Deep sea species.” Great spatial variation and strong seasonality in the occurrence and abundance of jellyfish is the rule, rather than the exception, and this indicates that local knowledge and preventative action is the key to reducing the risk of envenomation. Managers can take control by getting involved in: predicting risk, detecting the presence of jellyfish and advising on/or providing barriers and protection, first responses and treatment of sting victims. Good communication and record keeping is critical within the stakeholder chain.     

Assessment of port economic impacts on regional economy with a case study on the Port of Lisbon

This article presents a method of assessing the economic impacts of ports at both regional level and national level, through application of input–output analysis. To this end, a methodology for data collection is proposed, which combines a top-down with a bottom-up approach which should help in surpassing some of the difficulties commonly faced in port economic impact studies. The presented methodology allows port planners and policymakers to assess the economic significance and geographic reach of port investments. This study considers the economic impacts of the port cluster and the socio-economic significance of port user industries. The several layers of the analysis are kept separate to allow a better grasp of direct and indirect impacts. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in a study of the Port of Lisbon, which confirms the significance of this port to the Portuguese economy, and also demonstrates that the influence of the Port of Lisbon is mostly limited to an area in close proximity to the port. Therefore, results suggest that investments for the development of logistic infrastructures associated with the port should concentrate in the immediate hinterland of the port.     

Impact of biometric and anthropometric characteristics of passengers on aircraft safety and performance

Demand for commercial air travel has been increasing over the years and recent forecasts indicate similar future trends. New aircraft with enhanced design features are being built and entering the airline service globally. These enhancements aim to ensure continued safety, efficiency, performance and prolonged life serviceability. However, these new enhancements often neglect the impact of the changing anthropometric characteristics of the passenger. Past studies have identified increasing trends in the average weight, height and other anthropometrical and biometrical measures of people at a global scale. However, many are limited to only exploring the ramifications primarily from the perspective of passenger experience. This paper highlights the importance of considering passengers’ anthropometric characteristics from a holistic perspective and identifies gaps for future research.     

Research on the Dust Removal Technology for Shield Tunnel Overhaul Construction北大核心CSCD

The shield tunnel is an ultra-long linear space. It will cause a lot of dust during the tunnel maintenance and overhaul operation, which is extremely unfavorable to the physical and mental health of the construction personnel and the environment outside the tunnel. It is difficult to guarantee the ventilation effect of the linear space using the conventional dust removal technology, which directly affects the construction safety and overhaul period. Therefore, based on the overhaul of a cross-river tunnel in Shanghai, combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, device optimization and process combination, a three-stage dust reduction standardization process for tunnel overhaul construction is proposed, namely taking a water sprayer at the working point to control the dust at the source (primary protection); installing electrostatic dust removal and water filtration dust removal equipment in the tunnel(secondary protection); and installing two sets of water curtain spray device at the two tunnel exits to prevent dusts from diffusing into the atmosphere. It explores the actual dust-reducing effects of different dust-removing measures and layout combinations, laying a technical foundation for green and efficient dust reduction. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Surrounding Rock Classification of Banxi Group Slate with Abundant Water北大核心CSCD

For water-rich slate, surrounding rock argillization and softening is a serious problem. At present the uni-axial saturated compressive strength of rock is used as one of the indexes for classification of water-rich slate sur-rounding rock. Since Banxi Group slate has special geological characteristics, the above mentioned grading index is not completely suitable for its surrounding rock classification due to limitations. For this reason, using the Youfang-ping tunnel at the Changsha to Kunming Section of the Shanghai to Kunming high-speed railway in China as an ex-ample, a softening coefficient is introduced, and the underground water, rock mass integrity coefficient and angle of the main structural surface and tunnel axis are regarded as the main controlling factors. A system of surrounding rock classification for tunnels in water-rich slate is established. Based on the theory of fuzzy mathematics, the member-ship function of each index is structured and the weight of each index is calculated by AHP, and the grade of the sur-rounding rock is determined according to the maximum membership degree principle. The results show that the fuzzy information of surrounding rock classification is processed effectively and the classification of surrounding rock is achieved by qualitative analysis to quantitative evaluation by using fuzzy theory. The surrounding rock classification determined by introducing the softening coefficient on the basis of fuzzy theory is close to that determined in practical application, indicating that the practicability of this classification of tunnel surrounding rock in water-rich slate is high. This classification system therefore is a reference for the design and construction of tunnels in water-rich slate. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Influence of Light Distribution and Installation Style of Luminaires on Power Consumption and Lighting Effect of Tunnel Lighting北大核心CSCD

Light distribution (LD) and installation style of luminaires affect the utilization factor (UF) of luminaires, and the UF affects the luminaire power and road pavement illuminance and further the power consumption of illu- minating system and the luminous effect of road pavement. An UF model of tunnel lighting was established based on the luminaire LD data and installation parameters, in which four LD styles were adopted. For each LD the parame- ters optimization and simulation were conducted regarding four installation styles, e.g. central style, offset-of-vault style, symmetric style and staggered style. The energy-saving and the lighting effects of each LD and luminaire in- stallation style at the tunnel middle zone were studied. The results show that symmetric luminaire installation is the most energy-saving style and has the best lighting effect than the other three luminaire installation styles; the lighting effect of central luminaire installation is the second best; staggered luminaire installation is the most energy-intensive style and has the worst lighting effect except for some special-shaped LD; waterdrop-shaped LD is the most suitable one along transverse direction of tunnel and applicable to the central, offset-of-vault and symmetric luminaire instal- lation styles; symmetric butterfly-shaped LD is the most suitable one along longitudinal direction of tunnel and appli- cable to the central, offset-of-vault, staggered and symmetric luminaire installation styles; with waterdrop-shaped LD along transverse direction and symmetric butterfly-shaped LD along longitudinal direction, they are suitable for the above four luminaire installation styles, and have better energy-saving and lighting effect; as for the LD with symmetric and oblique curve, it’s better for the profile of oblique luminaire distribution to be comply with that along tunnel transverse direction, and it is suitable for the symmetric and offset-of-vault luminaire installation styles. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

综合法初定斜拉桥合理成桥状态

以某顶推施工独塔斜拉桥钢箱梁为背景,在斜拉桥各种设计理论的基础上,提出了一种更适合于钢箱梁斜拉桥的索力优化方法。采用最小弯曲能量法初定成桥状态,力平衡法确定主梁的弯矩可行域,作为进一步约束优化的约束条件,从而得到斜拉桥各部件受力合理的成桥状态。     

An activity-based approach for scheduling multimodal transit services

This paper proposes a new activity-based transit assignment model for investigating the scheduling (or timetabling) problem of transit services in multi-modal transit networks. The proposed model can be used to generate the short-term and long-term timetables of multimodal transit lines for transit operations and service planning purposes. The interaction between transit timetables and passenger activity-travel scheduling behaviors is captured by the proposed model, as the activity and travel choices of transit passengers are considered explicitly in terms of departure time choice, activity/trip chain choices, activity duration choice, transit line and mode choices. A heuristic solution algorithm which combines the Hooke–Jeeves method and an iterative supply–demand equilibrium approach is developed to solve the proposed model. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the differences between the activity-based approach and the traditional trip-based method, together with comparison on the effects of optimal timetables with even and uneven headways. It is shown that the passenger travel scheduling pattern derived from the activity-based approach is significantly different from that obtained by the trip-based method, and that a demand-sensitive (with uneven headway) timetable is more efficient than an even-headway timetable.     

State-of-the art of freight forecast modeling: lessons learned and the road ahead

In this paper we review freight forecasting models and current advances and needs with respect to data and model development. We then present a case study to suggest which models should be developed for the State of California in the US. We suggest several alternatives including an aggregate commodity flow model, a disaggregate regional logistics model and a hybrid regional logistics model with a truck touring model. We point out however, that the data requirements for the latter model would be extensive. In addition, the development of hybrid models, for example progress in the integration of regional logistics models with urban truck touring models, will introduce new problems such as reconciling the outputs of multiple models for consistency.