The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

Estimation of origin‐destination matrices for a multimodal public transit network

This paper presents a procedure for the estimation of origin‐destination (O‐D) matrices for a multimodal public transit network. The system consists of a number of favored public transit modes that are obtained from a modal split process in a traditional four‐step transportation model. The demand of each favored mode is assigned to the multimodal network, which is comprised of a set of connected links of different public transit modes. An entropy maximization procedure is proposed to simultaneously estimate the O‐D demand matrices of all favored modes, which are consistent with target data sets such as the boarding counts and line segment flows that are observed directly in the network. A case study of the Hong Kong multimodal transit network is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

屏蔽盒的设计技巧

针对目前军用电子产品结构设计中，机箱屏蔽盒设汁的繁琐步骤，介绍了一种屏蔽盒设计的新方法，使用该方法，能够快速、准确地设计出满足屏蔽性能要求的屏蔽盒。     

保证企业ISO9000质量管理体系有效运行的方法建议

建立一个完善的质量保证体系并保证此体系能够有效运行是每个企业都关注的课题.本文从质量管理体系有效性的定义和基本特征出发,通过分析影响体系有效运行的因素,阐明了企业应该如何避免不理因素,保证自身质量体系的有效运行.     

不同防治措施对边坡位移场影响的数值模拟

文章以西攀路K79 442~K79 570边坡工点为对象,对该工点分别采取抗滑桩、挡土墙、锚杆三种常用的工程措施(方案)进行加固,并对其分别进行数值分析。     

A dynamic stochastic assignment model for the analysis of general networks

The paper adopts the framework employed by the existing dynamic assignment models, which analyse specific network forms, and develops a methodology for analysing general networks. Traffic conditions within a link are assumed to be homogeneous, and the time varying O-D travel times and traffic flow patterns are calculated using elementary relationships from traffic flow theory and link volume conservation equations. Each individual is assumed to select a departure time and a route by trading off the travel time and schedule delay associated with each alternative. A route is considered as reasonable if it includes only links which do not take the traveller back to the origin. The set of reasonable routes is not consistant but depends on the time that an individual decides to depart from his origin. Equilibrium distributions are derived from a Markovian model which describes the evolution of travel patterns from day to day. Numerical simulation experiments are conducted to analyse the impact of different work start time flexibilities on the time dependent travel patterns. The similarity between link flows and travel times obtained from static and dynamic stochastic assignment is investigated. It is shown that in congested networks the application of static assignment results in travel times which are lower than the ones predicted by dynamic assignment.     

地质雷达在节段梁注浆密实度检测中的应用

在预应力后张法施工过程中,注浆密实性成为影响工程质量的一个十分重要的因素。随着雷达检测技术的日益成熟,并在不断的实践中显现出其无损、操作方便、检测速度快、检测范围大等优点。该文结合工程实践总结出雷达检测技术在注浆密实度方面的应用方法,表明了雷达在检测密实度方面的应用是可行的。     

Reliability assessment of maintained ship hulls with correlated corroded elements

This paper reviews the factors that affect the corrosion rate of the ship hull girder. It is shown that corrosion rates vary as a function of the location of the element in the structure, of the ocean area and type of ballast tank and steel. However, the corrosion rate in elements that are subjected to similar conditions is highly correlated.

A time-variant formulation is proposed including the correlation between the corrosion rates in neighbouring elements in modelling the degrading effect that corrosion has on the reliability of ship hulls. The effect of corrosion is represented as a time-dependent decrease of plate thickness that affects the midship section modulus. One repair policy was considered and the example results show the effect of plate replacement when its thickness reaches 75% of the original value. The results also illustrate how the limit value of the thickness in the repair criteria influences the reliability and the decision about repair actions. This is also shown for the effect of different corrosion rates, inspection intervals, and allowable stresses.