Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

仑-大区间隧道过河段盾构掘进难点及措施

文章以广州市轨道交通四号线大学城专线中,仑头至大学城区间右线隧道为例,介绍盾构机过仑头海掘进和在江底被困情况,阐述盾构机过河段掘进难点及处理措施,可供类似工程借鉴。     

搅拌摩擦焊接技术在汽车制造中的应用研究

搅拌摩擦焊接是固相连接技术，焊接过程中形成精细的锻造组织，具有较高的接头性能。在介绍搅拌摩擦焊技术的基础上，对该技术在汽车制造业中的应用进行了探讨。对搅拌摩擦点焊技术进行了介绍。由于搅拌摩擦点焊具有成本低、耗能少等优势，可完全替代传统点焊方法用于汽车制造。     

轨道视频检查系统

介绍了轨道视频检查系统研究中的一些相关技术，并对ENSCO公司的VSI系统作了简单介绍，为我们研制自己的轨道视频检查系统提供帮助。     

Tool sequence optimization based on three logical modes of robot control via CPLEX optimization

Cluster tools have advantages of shorter cycle times, faster process development, and better yield for less contamination. The sequence of dual-arm cluster tools is a complex logistics process during the semiconductor production. Efficient use of cluster tools is naturally very significant to competitive fab operations. Generating an optimized sequence in a computationally efficient manner and assessing the quality of the requirements to improve the fab production are the key factors for semiconductor manufacturing productivity. The Petri net modeling is introduced to minimize the makespan of the process for the three different logical modes and select a better mode after comparing the makespan among the three logical modes. The tool sequence optimization problem is formulated as optimization firing transition sequences based on the Petri net and then the formulation is converted to be linearly solved by the branch-and-cut method in the standard commercial solver CPLEX. Special methods for the linear conversion are highlighted. Due to the limited calculation time requirement for the real production and the large scale of the problem, special methods for the efficiency tuning are applied according to the characteristics of the problem. Numerical testing is supported by one of the most advanced semiconductor enterprises and the computational results show significant improvement compared with the traditional manual sequence results.     

Micromechanical Analysis on Viscoelasticity of Asphalt Mixtures

Mori-Tanaka　equivalent　inclusion　micromechanics　theory　was　employed　to　investigate　the　viscoelasticity　of　asphalt　mixture　Asphalt　mixture　was　regarded　as　composites　which　treated　coarse　aggregate　as　a　rigid　inclusion　and　the　mixture　of　fine　aggregate,filler　and　binder　as　viscoelastic　matrix　The　constitutive　relations　of　coarse　aggregate　inclusion　and　fine　aggregate-filler-binder　matrix　were　converted　into　elastic　problems　by　Laplace　transformation　Then　the　Mori-Tanaka　equivalent　inclusion　and　average　theory　were　used　to　deduce　the 　viscoelastic　performance　of　asphalt　mixture　based　on　that　of　asphalt　mortar　in 　Laplace　space　The　result　shows　that　(1)　coarse　aggregate　inclusion　can　enhance the　viscoelastic　performance　of　fine　aggregate?filler?binder　matrix　and　viscoelastic　constitutive　relation　of　asphalt　mixtures　can　be　expressed　as　the　product　of　an　enhancement　coefficient　of　coarse　aggregate　and　the　viscoelastic　constitutive　relation　of　fine　aggregate?filler?binder　matrix;　(2)　the　viscoelasticity　of　the　complex　asphalt　mixture　can　be　predicted　from　the　viscoelasticity　of　the　homogeneous　fine　aggregate?filler?binder　matrix　by　using　the　nhancement　coefficient;　(3)　the　enhancement　coefficient　is　higher　than　10　and　it　rises　with　increasing　of　coarse　aggregates'　volumetric　fraction　or　Poisson's　ratio　of　fine　aggregate-filler-binder　matrix　but　the　effect　of　the　former　is　more　important　than　that　of　the　latter     

防止油轮污染 保护海洋环境

绿色和平组织报告指出：过去30年，共有超过1万件海上油轮事故发生，约600万吨浮油于海上漂流；近50年来，全世界因油类污染己使1000多种海洋生物灭绝。文章以最新国际统计资料来说明目前油轮污染的严重性，并阐述航运发达国家防油轮污染政策，并在此基础上提出相关预防对策及措施。     

基于Google Map的物流监控系统设计

文中就国内物流企业对监控系统的要求做了分析，设计了一款基于Google Map的物流监控系统，包括对车载单元与监控中心的设计。其中，监控中心软件基于Google Map API进行二次开发，采用先进的最优路径算法对所设计的监控系统进行实验，结果表明所设计的系统能够实现车辆状态的实时监控和最优路径的计算与规划。     

再液化装置在LNG船舶上的应用

作为传统LNG船舶蒸汽透平推进装置的替代方案之一,双低速柴油机联合再液化装置的推进方案以其经济性好、易于管理等优点越来越受到船东的欢迎.再液化装置能够让LNG船舶为买家输送更多的货物,同时使得效率更高的低速柴油机得以在LNG船舶上安装.     

水面自主船舶技术发展路径

工业4.0背景下,船舶自主化航行是水路运输工具变革的重要趋势。本文首先详细介绍了世界范围内水面自主船舶(MASS)的主要研究项目发展路径及当前的研究现状。然后分析了MASS研发的关键技术,如通讯、航路设计及优化、智能避障等。针对MASS的快速发展,指出了当前面临的困难与挑战。最后针对法律及法规等配套体系的完善提出展望。