Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小波分析的隧道监测数据处理

基于小波分析理论,对一组隧道洞内水平收敛监测数据进行了去噪重构.实际分析结果表明,小波分析能够有效地去除监测数据的噪声,识别数据中的突变点;从去噪后的数据曲线分析,得出水平收敛量的发展趋势,可以有效地指导隧道的安全施工.     

Hybrid model for prediction of bus arrival times at next station

Effective prediction of bus arrival times is important to advanced traveler information systems (ATIS). Here a hybrid model, based on support vector machine (SVM) and Kalman filtering technique, is presented to predict bus arrival times. In the model, the SVM model predicts the baseline travel times on the basic of historical trips occurring data at given time‐of‐day, weather conditions, route segment, the travel times on the current segment, and the latest travel times on the predicted segment; the Kalman filtering‐based dynamic algorithm uses the latest bus arrival information, together with estimated baseline travel times, to predict arrival times at the next point. The predicted bus arrival times are examined by data of bus no. 7 in a satellite town of Dalian in China. Results show that the hybrid model proposed in this paper is feasible and applicable in bus arrival time forecasting area, and generally provides better performance than artificial neural network (ANN)–based methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

挤压性地层中隧道围岩变形控制

从穿越瑞士列奇堡隧道的挤压变形性极强的碳质页岩带的经验中,可以得出下述结论：圆形含承压单元的支护截面,其收敛变形性总趋势要比马蹄形不含承压单元的支护截面小；圆形支护截面与马蹄形支护截面的变形性没有本质的区别；由于山体构造的不均一性,导致开挖断面的不规则变形,这是使承压单元过早脱落的原因。     

快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型研究

快速公交系统停靠站台停车延误是影响快速公交运行车速的关键因素之一,因此构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型是提升快速公交服务水平的基础理论研究。本文选取盐城BRT-1号线的起始站、中途站、客流离散站等三类站点为研究对象,综合运用数理统计法与数据挖掘法,构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型,并对该模型的合理性进行了检验。研究表明:盐城市BRT-1号线三类站台的快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数呈线性关系,即快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数的检验参数R2均大于0.8。     

高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段地震响应分析

根据隧道地震安全性评价报告和地勘资料,建立了三维数值计算模型并采用一致粘弹性人工边界模拟动力边界,对高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段进行了瞬态动力计算。计算结果表明:在三向地震荷载激励下,洞口段衬砌的地震响应具有明显滞后性,衬砌以水平横向振动为主、轴向振动次之、竖向振动最弱;洞口段衬砌的拱腰部位将承受极大拉应力和剪应力,可设减震层吸收地震能量。通过对衬砌相对位移的分析得出,衬砌横向和轴向变形都很小,衬砌稳定性尚好。     

TTB or not TTB, that is the question: a review and analysis of the empirical literature on travel time (and money) budgets

This paper summarizes and analyses findings from more than two dozen aggregate and disaggregate studies of travel time (and sometimes money) expenditures, exploring the question of the existence of a constant travel time budget. We conclude (with prior researchers) that travel time expenditures are not constant except, perhaps, at the most aggregate level. Nevertheless, individuals’ travel time expenditures do show patterns that can be partly explained by measurable characteristics. Travel time expenditure is strongly related to individual and household characteristics (e.g., income level, gender, employment status, and car ownership), attributes of activities at the destination (e.g., activity group and activity duration), and characteristics of residential areas (e.g., density, spatial structure, and level of service). To the extent that travel time expenditures are constant at the aggregate level, the underlying mechanisms explaining that regularity are not well understood. Consequently, further research into explaining travel time and money expenditure patterns is justified.     

地铁暗挖隧道二次衬砌施工质量控制浅析

文章根据深圳轨道交通二期工程安托山站—侨香站暗挖区间的二次衬砌施工经验,分析了地铁暗挖隧道二次衬砌施工质量的影响因素以及二次衬砌施工过程中容易发生的质量问题,并提出了具体的控制措施。通过经验总结,使地铁施工的管理、质量控制、施工通病防治上升一个台阶。     

水平地震作用下土工格栅填土边坡动力研究

文章基于三维拉格朗日有限差分的原理,用拟静力法和动力法来分析土工格栅填土边坡的动力特性和抗震性能。研究结果表明土工格栅能很好地提高填土体的强度和抗震性能;动力法计算结果比拟静立法计算结果更为安全,且只有动力法才能分析出填土边坡失稳的主因。     

汽车灯丝的断裂形式及特征分析

文章结合汽车灯泡的特性,探讨灯丝在正常使用过程中和肇事碰撞时的断裂形式,并对灯丝的断裂特征和断裂原因进行分析,为交通管理部门进行相关的事故原因调查提供技术支持。