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This paper proposes the adoption of an integrated inventory and transportation system (IITS) to minimize the total costs of inventory and transportation. A non-linear programing is developed by analyzing transportation and inventory costs with one supplier and many retailers in the distribution environment. The paper compares the proposed model with the traditional approach in computing total costs with numerical data. The results indicate that the total costs can be optimized by adopting integrated programing rather than the traditional approach, along with achieving improved customer service levels. In particular, sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the performance of the IITS under various transportation costs, holding costs and shortage costs. It shows that the transportation cost per unit is most sensitive in the proposed model. In this situation, the IITS is more effective for cost saving when set-up cost, holding and shortage costs are high, but is less effective for situations involving high per-unit transportation costs. 相似文献
144.
本文通过对公路养护工程具体施工方式的研究,简明扼要的分析了热再生技术在施工现场的施工方式。大量工程实际经验总结得出,路面的现场热再生技术可以大大提高原有路面沥青材料的利用率,提高经济效益的同时,资源得到了重复利用,且由于热再生技术在施工时,不会对环境造成影响,故而该技术的推广更有利于环保。 相似文献
145.
This paper proposes simple and direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem. It is only necessary to account for random variables independent of link flows by performing a simple transformation of the perceived link travel time with a normal distribution. At every iteration of a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, the values of the random variables are sampled based on their probability distributions, and then a regular deterministic user equilibrium assignment is carried out to produce link flows. The link flows produced at each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation are averaged to yield the final flow pattern. Two test networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithms and the traditional algorithm (the Method of Successive Averages) produce similar results and that the proposed algorithms can be extended to the computation of the case in which the random error term depends on measured travel time. 相似文献
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为了针对某大型沉管隧道预制管节的顶推滑移系统选择合适的摩擦面材料,文章对该顶推滑移系统的四组拟采用摩擦面材料(不锈钢板-PTFE、不锈钢板-NGE、普通钢板-PTFE、普通钢板-NGE)进行了静、动态摩擦系数测试。利用20 000 k N压剪试验机、采用双剪法进行了模拟测试试验。试验结果表明:(1)四组被测试摩擦面的摩擦系数中,不锈钢板与PTFE板的最小,普通钢板与PTFE板的最大;(2)锂基润滑油和水对减小不锈钢板与PTFE板之间的静、动摩擦系数效果都十分明显,但锂基润滑油对摩擦系数的减小效果会随着油层被挤压变薄而逐渐减弱。该试验结果为该顶推滑移系统的摩擦面材料选择以及摩擦面润滑处理措施提供了重要参考依据。 相似文献
148.
To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods. 相似文献
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本文详细介绍了等截面多风口等量排风长管道内压力分布基本式理论推导和风口开度调节计算方法,并根据实际地下工程测定数据验证其理论计算可靠性,可以供地下工程设计计算和工程调试中作借鉴和参考。 相似文献
150.