DC gain analysis of scaled CMOS op amp in Sub-100 nm technology nodes: A research based on channel length modulation effect

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) intrinsic gain degradation caused by channel length modulation (CLM) effect is examined. A simplified model based on Berkeley short-channel insulator-gate field effect transistor model version 4 (BSIM4) current expression for sub-100 nm MOSFET intrinsic gain is deduced, which only needs a few technology parameters. With this transistor intrinsic gain model, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) operational amplifier (op amp) DC gain could be predicted. A two-stage folded cascode op amp is used as an example in this work. Non-minimum length device is used to improve the op amp DC gain. An improvement of 20 dB is proved when using doubled channel length design. Optimizing transistor bias condition and using advanced technology with thinner gate dielectric thickness and shallower source/drain junction depth can also increase the op amp DC gain. After these, a full op amp DC gain scaling roadmap is proposed, from 130 nm technology node to 32 nm technology node. Five scaled op amps are built and their DC gains in simulation roll down from 69.6 to 41.1 dB. Simulation shows transistors biased at higher source-drain voltage will have more impact on the op amp DC gain scaling over technology. The prediction based on our simplified gain model agrees with SPICE simulation results.     

Facility Layout Based on Sequence Analysis： Design of Flowshops

A computer-aided method to design a hybrid layout—tree-shape planar flowlines is presented. In newtype flowshop layout, the common machines shared by several flowlines could be located together in functional sections. The approach combines traditional cell formation techniques with sequence alignment algorithms. Firstly, a sequence analysis based cell formation procedure is adopted; then the operation sequences for parts are aligned to maximize machines adjacency in hyperedge representations; finally a tree-shape planar flowline will be obtained for each part family. With the help of a sample of operation sequences obtained from industry, this algorithm is illustrated.     

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研究了求解城市交通连续网络设计问题的模拟退火算法参数选择原则。采用双层规划模型来描述固定需求下的城市交通连续网络设计问题,其中上层问题的目标函数为整个网络的总阻抗和总投资额之和,下层问题则是用户平衡配流模型。利用模拟退火算法求解上层模型,下层模型则采用基于路径的GP算法进行求解。本文首次采用了灵敏度分析方法分析参数选择对模拟退火算法求解连续网络设计问题影响,比较了各个参数对算法结果及时间的影响,确定了参数的选择原则。根据上述分析方法得到的参数选择原则来设定参数的取值,能够提高算法的执行效率和收敛精度。     

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交通拥挤费作为缓解城市交通拥堵的直接而有效的需求管理方法,已在国外部分城市实施. 本文对北京市旧城区实行交通拥挤收费的预期交通影响进行分析. 首先根据旧城区的区位特征,土地利用性质,以及目前交通运行状况,提出在旧城区实行交通拥挤收费的必要性. 然后借鉴国内外城市实行交通拥挤收费的经验,结合北京市实际的出行时间价值调查结论,提出旧城区交通拥挤收费的可行方案. 最后基于北京市宏观交通模型测试了施行拥挤费后的预期交通影响,并对施行拥挤费政策提出了相关建议.     

急性髓细胞白血病FLT3-ITD基因突变的检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者人Fms样酪氨酸激酶3内部串联重复(Fms-like tyrosine kinase3-intenal tandem duplication,FLT3-ITD)基因突变及其临床意义.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-变性高效液相色谱(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,PCR-DHPLC)方法检测60例初治AML患者和10例对照组骨髓FLT3-ITD基因突变.结果 60例AML患者FLT3-ITD突变阳性率21.67%(13/60),10例对照组均未检测到该突变;FAB各亚型FLT3-ITD突变率不同,有M3型突变率较高的趋势;FLT3-ITD阳性组外周血白细胞数、骨髓白血病细胞比例高于FLT3-ITD阴性组(P<0.01);FLT3-ITD阳性组完全缓解(CR)率低于FLT3-ITD阴性组(P<0.05).结论 FLT3-ITD基因突变多见于M3患者,FLT3-ITD阳性者具有外周血白细胞数、骨髓白血病细胞比例高、CR率低的特点.FLT3-ITD基因突变可作为预测AML预后的一个指标.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

Screening of hepatocyte proteins binding to NS5ABP37 protein by yeast-two hybrid system

Objective To investigate the biological function of NS5ABP37 and to look for proteins interacting with NS5ABP37 protein in hepatocytes. Methods We constructed bait plasmid expressing NS5ABP37 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by cloning the gene of NS5ABP37 protein into pGBKT7, then the recombinant plasmid DNA was transformed into yeast AH109 (α type). The transformed yeast AH109 was mated with yeast Y187 (α type) containing liver cDNA library plasmid in 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing X-α-gal for selection and screening. After extracting and sequencing of plasmids from positive (blue) colonies, we made a sequence analysis by bioinformatics. Results We screened twenty-five proteins binding to NS5ABP37, including Homo sapiens cyclin Ⅰ (CCNI) gene, Homo sapiens matrix metallopeptidase 25 (MMP25) and Homo sapiens talin 1. Conclusion The yeast-two hybrid system is an effective method for identifying hepatocyte proteins interacting with NS5ABP37 of HCV. And the biological function of NS5ABP37 may be associated with glycometabolism, lipid metabolism and apoptosis.     

高速公路安全管理研究

对高速公路安全管理系统进行了研究,重点讨论了影响高速公路交通安全的因素,如人、车、路、管理等因素,并针对这些因素,对高速公路安全管理提出了一些建议.     

高速公路沥青混凝土路面早期坑槽性破坏的预防

对高速公路沥青混凝土路面早期坑槽性破坏的外观现象、诱发原因做了较详细的论述,并提出了预防措施.     

上海某铝合金人行天桥荷载试验分析

该文对上海某铝合金人行天桥的静动载试验进行了介绍和结果分析,所得结论和数据可为今后铝合金桥梁的设计、研究提供参考。