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281.
At transit terminals where two routes interchange passengers, total system costs may be reduced by allowing some “slack” time in the vehicle schedules to decrease the probability of missed connections. Transfer cost functions are formulated and used to determine optimal slack time for simple systems with transfers between one bus route and one rail line. Some analytic results are derived for empirical discrete and Gumbel distributions of bus arrival times. Relations between the optimal slack times and headways, transfer volumes, passenger time values, bus operating costs, and standard deviations of bus and train arrivals are also developed numerically using normally distributed arrivals. However, the proposed numerical approach can optimize slack times for any observed arrival distributions. The results provide some guidelines on desirable slack times and show that schedule coordination between the two routes is not worth attempting when standard deviations of arrivals exceed certain levels. Possible extensions of this work are suggested in the last section. 相似文献
282.
283.
本文在分析了国内外大量气缸盖结构分析算例特点的基础上,对16V240ZJ柴油机气缸盖的机械应力用三维有限元法在微机上进行了比较全面细致的计算,在计算模型中,对气缸盖各部分结构都不作替代简化;在边界条件的处理方面,计入了气缸套的弹性,并与刚性支承边界条件计算结果进行了比较,计算求得的位移和应力分布规律与实测完全一致,最大位移误差6.5%,最大压应力误差7.4%。 相似文献
284.
It has been proposed that grade A should be replaced with a tougher steel for ship construction. This recommendation is not supported by casualty statistics. Brittle fractures have decreased from once every 10 ship years at the time of the Liberty ships, to once every 100 ship years in the 1950s, and now stand at around once every 10,000 ship years. The authors have developed a probabilistic fracture mechanics approach indexed to the Charpy 27 Joule temperature, T27J. This is used here to analyse the Liberty ship failures. Comparison with a databank of T27J values for grade A steel spanning 1920 to 1995 suggests that the Liberty ship steel was unusually brittle. The probability analysis shows good agreement between predicted and observed fracture casualty rates for the Liberty ships and helps explain why brittle fractures are now uncommon in grade A steel ships. 相似文献
285.
An investigation of the drift velocity induced by water waves of a contminated surface layer is carried out. The theoretical analysis is based on a thin boundary layer on the free surface. The results of the analysis reveal that the drift velocity of a viscous layer on the water surface is 7/4 times the Stokes prediction ofc(ak)
2 wherec is the wave celerity andak the wave slope. The present experimental investigation confirms the validity of the theoretical prediction for the drift velocity for a lightly contaminated surface layer; however, for a heavily contaminated surface layer, the experimental results exceed the theoretical prediction. An investigation for a heavily contaminated layer is carried out assuming an inextensible surface layer. Thus, in the experiment, vinyl sheets are used to substitute the contaminated layers. By balancing the wave-induced mean thrust force with the mean drag force, the drift velocity is obtained and compared with the experimental results. Based on the theoretical and experimental analyses, formulae for predicting the drift velocities for laminar and turbulent flow conditions are proposed. 相似文献
286.
电气化铁路传动技术100年的发展(二) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在直流电气化铁路上,一开始就较好地掌握了传动技术,但在交流电气化铁路上,几十年来传动技术要求供电电源的频率低于地方电网的频率.进一步发展传动技术时只有使用电力电子技术才可减小受电网支配的影响.今天用GTO和IGBT电力电子元件和微机控制技术,能在所有供电电网下使用交流传动技术. 相似文献
287.
288.
Hyuck-Kee Lee Seong-Geun Shin Dong-Soo Kwon 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(6):1067-1076
Globally, safety has become an increasingly important issue in the automotive industry. In an attempt to reduce traffic fatalities, UNECE launched a new EU Road Safety Program which aims to decrease the number of road deaths by half by 2020. AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking) is a very effective active safety system intended to reduce fatalities. This study involves the design of a multi-sensor data fusion strategy and decision-making algorithm for AEB pedestrian. Possible collision avoidance scenarios according to the EuroNCAP protocol are analyzed and a robust pedestrian tracking strategy is proposed. The performance of the AEB system is enhanced by using a braking model to predict the collision avoidance time and by designing the system activation zone according to the relative speed and possible distance required to stop for pedestrians. The AEB activation threshold requires careful consideration. The test results confirm the advantages of the proposed algorithm, the performance of which is described in this paper. 相似文献
289.
Impact Analysis of the Reduction Effect for Reducing Joint Position of Stick-slip Fault TunnelEI北大核心
Research purposes: Based on an engineering of traffic tunnel, anti-breaking model experiment of large-scale 1 :30 is carried out under fault dislocation. Reduction effect of three working conditions(working condition A of no reducing joint, B of staggered setting of reducing joint and dislocation surface, C of reducing joint set at dislocation position) is comparatively analyzed by analysis of contact pressure, lining strain and lining stress. The optimal location of reduction joint is explored. Research conclusions:(1)The reduction effect of different position of reducing joint is different, such as A相似文献
290.
轮-轴组件的三维弹性接触分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据接触问题的参变量最小势能原理,建立了接触问题的有限元参数二次规划解,并以RE_2型车轴为例,按三维接触模型进行了计算分析。 相似文献