La mobilité comme modalité de l’ancrage : enrichir l’évaluation de la durabilité des espaces périurbains

This paper proposes to deepen the relationship between mobility and tethering in peri-urban spaces, and provide new methodological avenues, capable of contributing to the build-up of key knowledge elements, that we feel are crucial in a company’s capacity to implement their own sustainability requirements. These key knowledge elements are primarily based on the results stemming from research entitled “Peri-urbanism testing models for living; peri-urban viability, in theory and in practice”. The aim of this research was to assess, at least potentially, the sustainability of periurban spaces, which have seen recent development, as they have benefited from a growing trend towards removing space and time restrictions, through the generalisation of mobility, at the centre of many societal issues today.     

Optimized energy management control for the Toyota Hybrid System using dynamic programming on a predicted route with short computation time

Among the general problematic of the HEV power trains, the most critical point is the determination of the power-split ratio between the mechanical and the electrical paths, known as the energy management strategy (EMS). Many EMS are proposed in the literature, and can be grouped in two categories: the local optimization EMS and the global optimization EMS. The local optimization category corresponds to the EMS based on human expertise and the knowledge of the power train components efficiency maps. Thus, the local optimization EMS manages the power train operations by referring to predefined rules. The drawback of such strategies is that it brings an instantaneous fuel consumption optimization, and does not fully optimize the fuel consumption over the whole trip. Therefore, additional fuel savings are still possible. This paper presents an overall optimized predictive EMS for the Toyota Hybrid System (THS-II) power train of the Prius. The proposed EMS is based on Dynamic Programming (DP), where the prior knowledge of the route is required in order to predetermine the power-split ratio and optimize the fuel consumption for the whole predicted route. The DP EMS proposed for the THS-II power train is designed with a very short computation time, intended to be implemented in real-time applications. The potential of this DP-controller in reducing fuel consumption on regulatory cycles are computed and compared to a rule-based controller and to the Prius published fuel consumption results. Finally, the fuel reduction enhancements of the DP-controller are computed for real road tests achieved on a MY06 Prius in Ile-de-France, by comparing to the associated observed consumption measurements.     

Sensor fusion-based lane detection for LKS+ACC system

This paper discusses the market trends and advantages of a safety system integrating LKS (Lane Keeping System) and ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control), referred to as the LKS+ACC system, and proposes a method utilizing the range data from ACC for the sake of lane detection. The overall structure of lane detection is the same as the conventional method using monocular vision: EDF (Edge Distribution Function)-based initialization, sub-ROI (Region Of Interest) for left/right and distance-based layers, steerable filter-based feature extraction, and model fitting in each sub-ROI. The proposed method adds only the system for confining lane detection ROI to free space that is established by range data. Experimental results indicate that such a simple adaptive ROI can overcome occlusion of lane markings and disturbance of neighboring vehicles.     

Structural optimization of a circumferential friction disk brake with consideration of thermoelastic instability

This research suggests a new disk brake design using circumferential friction on the disk of a front-wheel-drive passenger car. The paper compares mechanical performance between the conventional and suggested disk brakes under dynamic braking conditions. Thermoelastic instability is considered in simulation of the test condition. An optimization technique using a metamodel is introduced to minimize the weight of the suggested disk brake. To achieve this goal, the response defined in the optimization formulation is expressed in a mathematically explicit form with respect to the design variables by using a kriging surrogate model, resulting in a simple optimization problem. Then, the simulated annealing algorithm is utilized to find the global optimum. The design results obtained by the kriging method are compared with those obtained from ANSYS analysis.     

Experimental study on performance of automotive air conditioning system using R-152a refrigerant

Recently, as climate changes have manifested worldwide, every country is making efforts to prevent ozone depletion and global warming. In the automotive industry, R-134a refrigerant is widely used in air conditioning systems because it has zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). Unfortunately, its global warming potential (GWP) is high. Therefore, alternative refrigerants are needed as a replacement for R-134a. R-152a is considered to be one of the better alternative refrigerants due to zero ODP and low GWP. In this paper, the performance of an automotive air conditioning system using R-134a and one using R-152a are compared experimentally at the bench level. The experimental apparatus simulated a real automotive air conditioning system consisting of a cabin and engine room structure. The cooling capacity, condensing capacity, coefficient of performance (COP) and power consumption characteristics of the automotive air conditioning system are evaluated by changing the air velocity entering the condenser and the compressor rotation speed with the optimized refrigerant charge amount. Also, the performance of the R-152a system was investigated by changing the thermostatic expansion valve which is set of values. The results of this study show that the R-152a system is slightly better than the R-134a system, not only under driving conditions but also under idling condition. R-152a refrigerant thus shows promise as an alternative refrigerant to replace the current standard, R-134a, in automotive air conditioning systems.     

大个子的进步 比亚迪F6C-NCAP碰撞试验点评

一说起比亚迪,人们最容易想到的自然是F3。中国汽车工业协会的统计告诉我们,在2009年1～2月自主品牌轿车销量排名中,比亚迪F3仅次于奇瑞QQ排名第二,强大的市场占有份额让人们对比亚迪F3耳熟能详。然而对于后出道的比亚迪F6,虽然市场销量不及前辈F3那般光彩照人,但在C—NCA碰撞试验场上,它的表现却远远胜过了F3。     

水工混凝土表面修复砂浆粘结性能研究

以丙乳砂浆、硅粉砂浆、高强砂浆、纤维高强砂浆为修复材料,以硅粉净浆及丙乳净浆为粘结剂,进行了各修复材料抗拉粘结强度、弯拉粘结强度以及修复砂浆与老混凝土的劈裂抗拉粘结强度的试验研究。研究结果表明：丙乳净浆及硅粉净浆作粘结剂能显著提高各种修复材料的粘结性能;相比于空白样,加入丙乳、硅粉、高效减水剂等外加剂后有效提高了砂浆的粘结强度;各修复砂浆28d新老砂浆抗拉粘结强度及弯拉粘结强度都没有超过养护28d的本体抗拉、抗折强度;从数值上看,各修复砂浆中硅粉砂浆具有最高的粘结强度。在高强砂浆配合比的基础上加入聚丙烯纤维和玄武岩连续纤维对粘结强度没有明显的改善作用。     

基于最大服务客流密度的公交线路优化设计模型研究

提出了基于线路服务客流密度最大进行公交线路网设计的优化模型,总结了公交线路网优化设计的方法,并基于其中一种方法建立了线路服务客流密度最大优化模型,通过一个抽象的网络算例,与其它线路网优化策略进行比较,分析了论文提出模型的优越性。     

CONSTRUCTING POLYCOMPETITOR CDNAS FOR QUANTITATIVE PCR

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INTERFERON γ－INDEPENDENT EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN 12 ADMINISTERED DURING ACUTE OR ESTABLISHED INFECTION DUE TO LEISHMANIAMAJOR

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