Development of engine control using the in-cylinder pressure signal in a high speed direct injection diesel engine

Emission regulations are becoming more stringent and remain a principal issue for vehicle manufacturers. Many engine subsystems and control technologies have been introduced to meet the demands of these regulations. For diesel engines, combustion control is one of the most effective approaches for reducing not only engine exhaust emissions but also cylinder-by-cylinder variation. However, the high cost of pressure sensors and the complex engine head design for additional equipment present difficulties for manufacturers. In this paper, cylinder pressure-based engine control logic is introduced for a multi-cylinder high speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine. The time for 50% of the mass fraction to be burned (MFB50) and the IMEP are valuable for determining the combustion status. These two in-cylinder quantities are measured and applied to the engine control logic. Fuel injection timing is controlled to adjust the operating MFB50 to the target MFB50 using PID control logic, and the fuel injection quantity is controlled to adjust the measured IMEP to the desired IMEP. The control logic is demonstrated at steady state and during transient conditions and is applied to an NEDC mode test.     

超高韧性水泥基复合材料在隧道二次衬砌中的应用分析

超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)以其良好的延性和多裂缝稳态开展性能,近年来受到工程界的青睐。通过建立模拟隧道空间开挖的二维有限元模型,对由UHTCC和普通混凝土构成的二次衬砌的内力、安全系数以及洞周位移等进行了对比分析,研究了二次衬砌厚度变化对其安全系数和结构稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,二次衬砌结构的安全系数随衬砌截面厚度呈非线性增加,由于UHTCC具有低刚度、高韧性的特点,在同等条件下,UHTCC材料的二衬支护结构的安全系数较普通混凝土材料提高2～3倍。     

轿车天窗自动开启装置的设计

装置的设计方案涉及轿车天窗控制领域,公开了一种轿车天窗自动开启的装置,其组成部分包括:天窗的控制器,用于监测车外环境温度值的车外温度传感器,用于监测车内环境温度值的车内温度传感器,用于监测车外是否下雨的雨量传感器,用于监测车辆空调器开启信号的空调信号采集装置,用于监测数据的分析对比和发送天窗装置开启/关闭信号的微处理器,控制天窗装置驱动机构工作的电磁开关。装置能够根据车内外温度、是否下雨等条件对天窗的开启进行自动调节,实现对车内温度的调节,克服了现有技术人工控制繁琐的弊端,具有结构合理,自动化程度高,运转可靠等特点,适用配有电动窗的轿车。     

钢塑一体轻量化车身结构设计研究

为实现结构优化和材料替换的混合结构设计,提出钢塑一体轻量化车身结构。以一简单试件验证了钢塑一体结构的可行性;根据灵敏度结果,在普通钣金结构车身的基础上构建了钢塑一体车身结构并对其进行尺寸优化。优化结果表明,钢塑一体车身结构在总质量降低51 kg的基础上,其静、动态特性均有不同程度的改善。最后,通过发动机罩总成试验验证了钢塑一体车身结构的轻量化优势。     

Workshop 1: Performance measurement and compliance

This workshop discussed challenges of measuring the performance of transport contracts, which is usually achieved by benchmarking the relevant services against a few key performance indicators (KPIs). Such KPIs (the workshop identified cost efficiency, service quality and safety/security as the top three) can be explicitly included in the contracts (with a focus on compliance) or can be rather informal and part of a trusting partnership. Limited availability of good data and appropriate information technology systems appear to be the greatest challenges within developed markets. In the context of creating a formal market (such as the South African taxi market), which encourages public transport measurement and compliance, our findings suggest that it is important to set as a first step minimum standards to address the backlog with respect to establishing performance measurement regimes.     

The impact of the application of new technology on public transport service provision and the passenger experience: A focus on implementation in Australia

The emergence of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has been recognised with many initiatives during the last 20 years. In Europe, the “ITS Action Plan” identifies a number of applications as key elements contributing to the efficient co-ordination of the overall transport chain. The context and experience surrounding the recent widespread development of technological tools and ICT platforms to support the emergence of ITS are notable for the way in which they permeate the transport and logistics chain. But a key question remains: to what extent is the public transport sector able to exploit the wider benefits of ITS?     

Spatial and Temporal Modeling of Beach Use: A Case Study of East Anglia,UK

As tourists are sensitive to weather conditions and changes to the environments they visit, it is likely that climate change will affect coastal recreation in the future. To understand these impacts, it is first important to quantify how visitor numbers are associated with beach characteristics and weather patterns. Using the East Anglian coastline, UK, as a case study, information on the spatial distribution of visitors recorded from aircraft flights is combined with beach characteristic data in a Geographical Information System. In addition, surveys are undertaken at two beaches to assess temporal variations in visitation. The study finds a diverse range of characteristics are associated with visitor numbers. These findings are evaluated alongside the anticipated effects of climate change and management policies. Although it is predicted that warmer weather will increase visitor numbers overall, sea-level rise may reduce numbers at wide sandy beaches, which are currently most preferred by tourists.