基于移动数据的用户出行方式识别研究

为研究智能手机所采集到的位置数据在识别用户出行方式领域的应用,首先,比选出速度、速度的百分位数、轨迹点数量占比、出行距离、停止率这5 个适用于移动终端定位数据区分出行方式的特征变量,并对各特征变量的判别阈值进行了定义。然后,针对基站分布导致的数据偏差和位置信息漂移等问题,采用扇形定位结合地图匹配技术对数据进行了修正,进而在对时间阈值和距离阈值分割的基础上提出了移动终端用户出行链的获取方法。接着,建立C4.5 决策树模型,以此判别移动终端用户的出行方式。最后,基于在某地区采集的7 000 部移动终端的位置数据（包含：终端编号、定位时刻、经度、纬度） 来对用户的出行方式进行研究。结果表明,模型在区分机动车和非机动车时准确率较高,达到了90%以上;在进一步区分中,如区分步行与自行车以及公交车和小汽车的出行上准确率相对较低,但也达到了80%以上的精度。     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater vehicle with X-rudder configuration coupling with incidence and rudder angle北大核心CSCD

[目的]X形艉布局的水下航行体及操纵策略特殊,受主体姿态角影响的X形艉舵特性与十字形艉布局的不同。[方法]基于SUBOFF模型的X形艉布局方案,通过数值计算分析变单舵、变单舵耦合攻角以及变单舵耦合漂角时的操纵性水动力特性,并按照现有的船标推荐公式,对舵角/姿态角耦合下的操纵性水动力特性进行拟合研究。[结果]结果表明,X形艉水下航行体变单舵时,舵与主体间存在较强的相互作用,使得两个正交平面内的水动力(矩)存在差异;区别于无主体姿态角时的X舵水动力特性,耦合主体姿态角后的X舵水动力特性明显受到主体的影响。在研究的姿态角及舵角范围内,右上舵和左下舵舵效分别随姿态角的增大而减小和增大。舵导数相对变化量值最大达16%。[结论]研究结果可为X形艉水下航行体操控及仿真评估分析提供参考。     

迈向可持续的公共交通之路--首尔公交改革的经验与成就(连载)

2004年7月1日,首尔市政府在全市开展了深刻的针对公交系统的整合性改革,这一举措成为迈向可持续性城市交通的重要一步.这次公交改革成功实施的关键在于它将管理机构、创新技术、基础设施的建设以及公交的组织和运营融为一体.经过一系列改革之后,首尔的交通面貌焕然一新：通过进一步协调交通运输容量和需求之间的矛盾,提高了运营效率,增加了乘客人数,使公交运营商的收入自启动集成收费系统之后得到增加.     

The use of simulated drifters to estimate vorticity

A primitive equation ocean model is used to generate trajectories of simulated clusters of drifters in the California Current (CC) region. These trajectories allow us to evaluate a least squares (LS) method of estimating vorticity and vertical velocity along a cluster's path. Two clusters provide examples of successful and less successful estimates of vorticity and vertical velocity. Our analysis quantifies the dependence of estimate quality on several parameters that can be used as error predictors in the LS estimate of vorticity: cluster separation, number of drifters in a cluster, and cluster shape. A combination of cluster separation and ellipticity shows the most promise as an indicator of quality for the vorticity estimate.     

Three-dimensional numerical wave tank simulations on fully nonlinear wave–current–body interactions

A finite-difference scheme and a marker-and-cell (MAC) method are used for numerical wave tank (NWT) simulations to investigate the characteristics of nonlinear wave motions and their interactions with a stationary three-dimensional body in the presence of steady uniform currents. The Navier–Stokes (NS) equation is solved in the computational domain, and the boundary values are updated at each time-step by a finite-difference time-marching scheme in the frame of a rectangular coordinate system. The fully nonlinear kinematic free-surface condition is satisfied by the marker–density function technique developed for two fluid layers. The incident waves are generated from the inflow boundary by prescribing a velocity profile resembling the motions of a flexible flap wavemaker, and the outgoing waves are numerically dissipated inside an artificial damping zone located at the end of the tank. Using the NS–MAC NWT, nonlinear wave and current interactions around a stationary vertical truncated circular cylinder are studied, and the results are compared with the experimental results of Mercier and Niedzwecki, a time-domain NWT based on linear potential theory, a fully nonlinear NWT, and a second-order diffraction computation. Received: July 3, 2001 / Accepted: September 25, 2001     

Combined control of a regenerative braking and antilock braking system for hybrid electric vehicles

Most parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) employ both a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. A new design of a combined braking control strategy (CBCS) is presented in this paper. The design is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the hydraulic braking system work together with the regenerative braking system. The control system meets the requirements of a vehicle longitudinal braking performance and gets more regenerative energy charge back to the battery. In the described system, a logic threshold control strategy (LTCS) is developed to adjust the hydraulic braking torque dynamically, and a fuzzy logic control strategy (FCS) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. With the control strategy, the hydraulic braking system and the regenerative braking system work synchronously to assure high regenerative efficiency and good braking performance, even on roads with a low adhesion coefficient when emergency braking is required. The proposed braking control strategy is steady and effective, as demonstrated by the experiment and the simulation.     

Closed form models to assess railroad technology investments

ABSTRACT

Class I railroads in North America collectively invested USUS$11.2 billion to comply with a U.S. federal mandate to deploy positive train control as a form of train protection system. This amount dwarfs the potential savings from accidents the technology could prevent. Therefore, railroads must seek additional benefits. This research contributes simple closed-form models to inform strategies that can leverage the technology deployment by estimating the annual additional net benefits, internal rate of return, and benefit-cost ratio needed for a desired payback period.     

铁路隧道衬砌施工自动浇筑振捣新技术北大核心CSCD

铁路隧道衬砌质量问题导致的衬砌背后空洞、开裂、掉块等病害会对铁路正常运营造成极大威胁,混凝土的浇筑和振捣是保证隧道衬砌质量的关键。为此,研发了一种隧道衬砌施工自动浇筑振捣新技术,以提升隧道衬砌质量。研究表明,自动旋转布料机逐窗浇筑技术每次换管时间仅为3~4 min,具有结构简单、操作方便、效果优良、安全可靠的特点,既加快了隧道衬砌进度,又保证了隧道衬砌质量;新型插入式振捣技术采用边墙自动提升插入式振捣技术和拱顶自动气动式插入振捣技术,可以有效地提高混凝土振捣效果;拱顶衬砌采用60°斜孔带压反向浇筑,与传统的拱顶浇筑方法相比,堵管次数、浇筑口模板变形次数都明显减少,混凝土浇筑质量得到了显著提升。     

Analysis of the application and development of integrated electric power technology for unmanned ships北大核心CSCD

近年来,随着动力、信息等技术的不断发展,无人船在反水雷、反潜、电子战、海上安全、海上拦截等军用领域凸显出越来越大的优势。为此,首先阐述无人船及其动力技术的发展概况,明确综合电力系统已成为中大型无人船的重要发展趋势,然后介绍综合电力系统在有人/无人平台的应用情况,提出设备尺寸、重量和振动噪声控制等问题是综合电力系统应用于无人平台的研究重点,最后阐明无人平台综合电力技术的发展趋势,指出综合电力系统智能化运行、高性能电机材料、复杂电机系统信息感知、电力电子器件与系统、高性能电能变换和高效储能是无人平台综合电力技术的关键科学问题。     

Investigation and analysis of high temperature corrosion and degradation of marine boiler combustion swirler

The present paper investigated and analyzed swirler material consisting of mild steel which was subjected to service for the period of one year in a 30 MW marine boiler. Due to the presence of high temperatures in the furnace coupled with the corrosive marine environment swirler material showed accelerated degradation and material wastage. An investigation into the feasibility of manufacturing the existing swirler with an alternate material or coating the swirler material with a thermal barrier coating was undertaken. Based on their properties and performance, SS 304 and SS 316 were proposed as the replacement materials for the swirler. The other alternative of coating the existing swirlers with a form thermal barrier coating to observe for any improvement in their performance at elevated temperatures was also tested. Stellite, which is a Ni-Co based coating, was carried out on the MS samples and the same were exposed to same temperatures mentioned above. The performance of the available options was evaluated with respect to the grain structure of the material, the hardness value of the materials and deterioration at elevated temperatures. Investigation showed the proposed materials/coatings like SS 304, SS 316 and Stellite coating revealed that SS 316 is the material best suited for high temperature application.