进气系统的优化设计

FSAE赛车发动机进气系统结构参数影响充气效率。文章利用软件FLUENT对进气系统模型进行流场仿真,分析进气系统流场压力、速度等参数分布规律,研究进气歧管流量分布的均匀性,到达优化进气系统的目的。     

面向老龄社会的交通需求预测探析

交通需求预测是进行城市交通规划的前提,对于制定城市交通发展战略,科学组织管理城市交通具有重要的意义.随着我国老龄人口日益增多,交通需求预测也应面向人口老龄化进行近一步的研究.针对目前中国社会的人口老龄化趋势,对交通需求预测提出几点建议,希望能对中国未来城市交通发展有所助益.     

CFD Analysis of Ship-to-Ship Hydrodynamic Interaction

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

Robust network pricing and system optimization under combined long-term stochasticity and elasticity of travel demand

Network pricing serves as an instrument for congestion management, however, agencies and planners often encounter problems of estimating appropriate toll prices. Tolls are commonly estimated for a single-point deterministic travel demand, which may lead to imperfect policy decisions due to inherent uncertainties in future travel demand. Previous research has addressed the issue of demand uncertainty in the pricing context, but the elastic nature of demand along with its uncertainty has not been explicitly considered. Similarly, interactions between elasticity and uncertainty of demand have not been characterized. This study addresses these gaps and proposes a framework to estimate nearest optimal first-best tolls under long-term stochasticity in elastic demand. We show first that the optimal tolls under the deterministic-elastic and stochastic-elastic demand cases coincide when cost and demand functions are linear, and the set of equilibrium paths is constant. These assumptions are restrictive, so three larger networks are considered numerically, and the subsequent pricing decisions are assessed. The results of the numerical experiments suggest that in many cases, optimal pricing decisions under the combined stochastic-elastic demand scenario resemble those when demand is known exactly. The applications in this study thus suggest that inclusion of demand elasticity offsets the need of considering future demand uncertainties for first-best congestion pricing frameworks.     

油船防腐新概念

2009年4月24日,在美丽的阿联酋港口迪拜,日本邮船公司(NYK)和新日铁公司联合举办了一次大型油船(VLCC)耐腐蚀钢应用展示会.     

跳频通信系统抗跟踪式干扰性能研究

对于跳频通信系统,跟踪式干扰是一种较有效的干扰样式。分析了干扰方程并进行了仿真,认为干扰机配置位置必须在干扰椭圆内跟踪式干扰才能有效实施干扰,提高跳速是对抗跟踪式干扰的一种有效方法。     

P2P蠕虫及其对抗技术的研究与进展综述

文章首先剖析了P2P蠕虫的定义、传播方式,讨论了P2P蠕虫的传播模型,分析了现有检测技术在P2P蠕虫检测方面的不足,归纳了当前针对P2P蠕虫的主要检测方法,最后给出了P2P蠕虫方向的若干研究热点问题和展望.     

海底输气管道泄漏风险定量分析

由于海底管道工作环境的恶劣性,其失效概率较高,一旦发生泄漏事故,后果严重．本文以某一海洋平台周围海底输气管道为背景,运用海洋工程领域风险评估软件NEPTUNE对不同破损情况下天然气泄漏扩散的情况进行了模拟,计算了泄漏气体点燃概率,预测了泄漏天然气爆炸事故的危害半径,其分析结果对海底管道油气泄漏扩散范围的预测及油气点燃概率计算方法的研究具有一定的参考作用．     

钙钛矿型La（0.3）Ca（0.7）FeO3的制备及其电化学性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型复合氧化物La0.3Ca0.7FeO3,并用X-射线衍射分析,扫描电镜,X-射线能谱仪对纳米晶体的晶型、晶粒大小、形貌及组成进行表征.用乙炔黑为载体制备功能氧电极,采用三电极体系,测试循环伏安曲线.结果表明：800℃焙烧2 h得到完整的晶体,晶体粒子大小均匀,粒径为17.9 nm,为菱形晶系;同时该氧电极具有明显的电催化特性.     

The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans

During the last 30 years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient–phytoplankton variables.Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs.