Simulating the impacts of household travel on greenhouse gas emissions,urban air quality,and population exposure

This paper establishes a link between an activity-based model for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), dynamic traffic assignment, emission modelling, and air quality simulation. This provides agent-based output that allows vehicle emissions to be tracked back to individuals and households who are producing them. In addition, roadway emissions are dispersed and the resulting ambient air concentrations are linked with individual time-activity patterns in order to assess population exposure to air pollution. This framework is applied to evaluate the effects of a range of policy interventions and 2031 scenarios on the generation of vehicle emissions and greenhouse gases in the GTA. Results show that the predicted increase of approximately 2.6 million people and 1.3 million jobs in the region by 2031 compared to 2001 levels poses a major challenge in achieving meaningful reductions in GHGs and air pollution.     

顶上隧道涌泥成因分析及整治

针对顶上隧道施工过程中的涌泥事故,通过地质调查、地质雷达探测、钻探等手段,详细研究了事故发生地段的工程地质情况、水文地质情况;分析了该隧道岩溶的发育、赋存、分布规律及规模;指出顶上隧道涌泥的主要原因是岩溶洼地及落水洞中的地表积水和残坡积水以及基岩裂隙水,经岩溶管道不断地渗透于花岗岩体与钙质砂页岩及灰岩接触部位的薄弱地带,从而形成了以垂直发育为主封闭性较好的管道溶洞。实践中结合地质补勘结果,采用跟管管棚、溶洞回填、加强溶洞段初期支护等治理措施,对顶上隧道的涌泥进行了有效处治。     

机械复合管在海底管道中的应用

原油、湿气含有CO2或H2S是造成海底管道内腐蚀失效的主要原因之一。机械复合管作为一种新型管材,可以有效解决CO2或H2S造成的内腐蚀问题,在国际上得到了广泛应用,但其在国内油气田开发海底管道中,尚无应用先例。文中介绍了机械复合管的制造原理、设计制造规范、用作海底管道的技术要求、海上安装技术特点以及应用前景。文中研究了机械复合管在海底管道中应用对设计制造和安装技术的要求,以推动其在国内油气田开发海底管道中的应用。     

Isolating high-priority metro and feeder bus transfers using smart card data

Fixed-rail metro (or ‘subway’) infrastructure is generally unable to provide access to all parts of the city grid. Consequently, feeder bus lines are an integral component of urban mass transit systems. While passengers prefer a seamless transfer between these two distinct transportation services, each service’s operations are subject to a different set of factors that contribute to metro-bus transfer delay. Previous attempts to understand transfer delay were limited by the availability of tools to measure the time and cost associated with passengers’ transfer experience. This paper uses data from smart card systems, an emerging technology that automatically collects passenger trip data, to understand transfer delay. The primary objective of this study is to use smart card data to derive a reproducible methodology that isolates high priority transfer points between the metro system and its feeder-bus systems. The paper outlines a methodology to identify transfer transactions in the smart card dataset, estimate bus headways without the aid of geographic location information, estimate three components of the total transfer time (walking time, waiting time, and delay time), and isolate high-priority transfer pairs. The paper uses smart card data from Nanjing, China as a case study. The results isolate eight high priority metro-bus transfer pairs in the Nanjing metro system and finally, offers several targeted measures to improve transfer efficiency.     

双点腐蚀缺陷对管道剩余寿命的影响

腐蚀是造成油气管道失效和破坏的主要原因之一。在腐蚀严重区域,由于同时存在单点腐蚀和双点腐蚀,管道面临着更大的失效和破坏风险。若仍按单点腐蚀预测该区域管道的剩余寿命,进行可靠性分析,会造成较大的分析误差。文中应用Monte Carlo法,分别计算单点腐蚀和双点腐蚀的失效概率。通过比较分析发现:由于双点腐蚀的相互作用,管道的失效概率明显增加,剩余强度和剩余寿命减小;随着双点腐蚀蚀坑间距的不断增加,其失效概率不断降低,最终趋于单点腐蚀失效概率。     

巴曲河大桥工程质量检测技术分析

做好桥梁工程质量检测,是科学评价工程质量的重要途径,桥梁检测是一项复杂性、专业性较强的工作,本文以巴曲河大桥工程为例,对桥梁质量检测的主要内容、技术要点、检测方法等进行了介绍。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

One city,three models: comparison of land‐use/transport policy simulation models for Dortmund

The paper reports on simulation experiments conducted by the International Study Group on Land‐Use/Transport Interaction (ISGLUTI) for the metropolitan region of Dortmund in the Federal Republic of Germany. Three land‐use/transport simulation models were applied to the Dortmund region: the DORTMUND model developed at the University of Dortmund, the LILT model being used at University College London and the MEPLAN package developed by Marcial Echenique & Partners in Cambridge. The three models are briefly characterized and their ex‐post forecasts are compared with the actual development of the region. The final section of the paper compares how the three models respond to a common set of assumptions and policies from the fields of land‐use control, traffic management and transport investment. The differences in model response give insights into the validity of the theoretical foundations and internal structure of the models.     

Public/private-sector cooperation in urban transportation: Lessons from ridesharing experiences in Connecticut

An important characteristic of urban transportation policy and planning today is the increasing role that the private sector is playing in identifying and implementing transportation projects. For example, a recent examination of the possible forms of such involvement found that there were four major categories of action that could be used to classify recent private-sector efforts in urban transportation: (1) aid to and/or provision of transportation services; (2) formation of advocacy or advisory groups whose purpose is to influence public policy; (3) sponsorship of transportation studies; and (4) provision of management assistance to public agencies (Gordon, 1982). In many of these efforts, the successful implementation of a project or program required close cooperation between public and private-sector officials. The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of this interaction and explore the implications for transportation planning and policy.Examples of public/private-sector interaction in two Connecticut cities, Hartford and Stamford, are used to illustrate the characteristics of successful transportation program implementation. Although the examples are limited to two cities, and are mainly concerned with one major category of action (ridesharing), the characteristics of the process used and of the results can be applied to other situations where public/privatesector interaction is desired.     

Parking policy and urban goals: Linking strategy to needs

Parking management strategies have traditionally been used as a means of accommodating traffic demand, with little or no effort made to identify how such strategies might relate to other urban objectives. In this paper, parking management strategies are classified according to the control they exert over the amount of aggregate parking supply, access to parking, spatial distribution of parking supply, or dollar price of parking. Six general categories of urban policy objectives are identified, and the relationship between parking strategies and these objectives analyzed. The parking program in Baltimore is used to illustrate some of the relationships identified in this analysis. This paper concludes that the linkage between parking and the attainment of some urban objectives is potentially quite strong, and that further empirical research is needed to fully establish this relationship. Several different directions for further research are also identified.