基于波速衰减的混凝土损伤声发射定位优化算法试验研究

为研究声波在混凝土内部的衰减规律并提高声发射定位精度,对混凝土梁进行波速衰减试验,计算波速随距离的变化并给出波速随距离的衰减公式,建立基于波速衰减的声发射源定位穷举算法,进行了三点加载模式下的水泥混凝土小梁损伤断裂试验,采用声发射采集仪采集各项声发射参数,利用基于波速衰减的穷举定位算法对加载过程中损伤点进行定位,并与原有恒定波速的损伤点定位算法进行对比.研究结果表明:标准声发射信号波速在混凝土内部随距离增大衰减现象较为严重,初始的基准速度为4745 m/s,在传播600 mm时已降至2124 m/s;在脆性破坏阶段,声发射优化算法定位点数量由4个上升至16个,占比由17.4％上升至70.0％,精度较时差定位法明显提高,对混凝土损伤的定位与检测具有重要意义.     

基于物联网架构的公交智能投币机系统设计

本文结合国内智能公交发展现状,提出了基于物联网架构的公交智能投币机系统解决方案。该方案利用物联网技术实现对智能投币机和NFC智能卡钥匙的远程监控和管理;配置纸硬币识别模块实现精确识别投币金额和统计客流;利用RFID技术实现对票款回收、清点、核对和统计等操作流程全电子化管理。利用大型数据库系统提供多样化的数据报表分析功能。     

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为识别区域综合交通系统能耗驱动因子,测算其对系统能耗的贡献度,将驱动因素分为规模效应、结构效应和技术效应,采用ASIF数据构造原理和时序列回归法识别各因子的相关性,运用迪氏分解方法建立扩展LMDI分解模型,计算各因子能耗贡献度.计算表明,规模效应和技术效应的影响程度在逐渐减弱,结构效应的影响程度在逐渐增加;运输结构还需要进一步优化,对系统能耗的影响还有很大下降空间;近年来能耗效率已经得到很大提高,但能耗效率对能耗的贡献正在逐渐减弱,未来提高运输强度对降低能耗有明显效果.经实证检验,计算模型可靠、结论可信,能为区域综合低碳交通政策制定提供更科学的依据.     

Joint Tomlinson-Harashima source and linear relay precoder design in amplify-and-forward multiple-input multiple-output two-way relay systems

Existing minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) transceiver designs in amplified-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relay systems all assume a linear precoder at the sources. Nonlinear source precoders in such a system have not been considered yet. In this paper, we study the joint design of source Tomlinson-Harashima precoders (THPs), relay linear precoder and MMSE receivers in two-way relay systems. This joint design problem is a highly nonconvex optimization problem. By dividing the original problem into three sub-problems, we propose an iterative algorithm to optimize precoders and receivers. The convergence of the algorithm is ensured since the updated solution is optimal to each sub-problem. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed iterative algorithm outperforms other algorithms in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region.     

基于Java Web的旧桥加固优选方案开发设计

针对旧桥加固的指标体系不同的特点,使用JavaWeb技术开发系统,并采用瀑布型的开发方式实现系统开发。实践表明,使用JavaWeb开发系统具有很大的优势,尤其是其架构简单,易于扩展,所以系统的优化更加简便。     

基于DEFORM的空压机曲轴圆角滚压过程仿真与分析

应用DEFORM软件对曲轴滚压模型进行滚压过程的数值模拟,研究在滚压过程中危险部位的滚压应力和残余情况,以及滚压参数(滚压圈数、滚压速度、滚轮半径等)对残余应力的影响;接着对曲轴模型进行疲劳强度分析,研究其在受载情况下轴颈部位的应力变化情况。研究表明:圆角滚压技术是提高曲轴疲劳强度最有效的方法,不仅可以降低曲轴表面粗糙度、提高硬度,还可以减少应力集中、降低成本、提高生产效率。     

公共交通优先发展模式下的道路空间再分配——以北京市旧城为例

北京市旧城内道路空间有限,难以通过新建干路、道路提级、路网加密等规划手段实现公共交通路权分配优先。首先将北京市公交专用车道与国际典型城市进行对比,指出旧城公共交通系统存在的与道路空间密切相关的六方面问题,并提出采用道路空间再分配、先进的ITS技术支持以及多方式服务水平评价的综合对策加以解决。重点围绕道路空间再分配展开探讨,从公交专用车道时空再分配、公共汽车站空间再分配、自行车冲突空间避让三方面详细阐述解决方案。     

专业旅游城市综合交通规划技术方法研究——以三亚市为例

为完善专业旅游城市的综合交通规划技术体系,通过总结国外专业旅游城市在综合交通规划建设过程中的经验,在识别旅游交通特征的基础上,分析专业旅游城市对交通体系的基本要求。针对专业旅游城市交通规划面临的关键问题和挑战,指出应将旅游交通特征和规律的研究贯穿综合交通规划始终,实现旅游交通与城市居民常规交通高度融合,进而提出综合交通规划技术体系框架。以三亚市为例,重点探讨了专业旅游城市交通设施合理规模的确定,以及交通设施规划基本思路。     

What determines commute time choices? A structural equation modelling approach

Abstract

Many researchers have been attracted by the phenomenon of constant travel time, and the time spent on travel has been an important indicator of understanding travellers’ behaviours. This paper is based on a survey conducted in a university in London which includes both objective and subjective variables in relation to commute time and some demographic characteristics. Two conceptual structural models are examined in order to explore the factors determining travellers’ choices. Results of the analysis reveal some interesting relationships: (1) a positive relationship between age and commute time; (2) females are more likely to read or listen to music during their journeys, and their ideal commute time (ICT) and current commute time (CCT) generally tend to be longer; (3) academic staff tend to have the habit of working during their commute, administrative staff tend to commute longer while students tend to spend a shorter time commuting; (4) normally, a habit while travelling is significantly associated with CCT; those with a habit of reading or working during their commute journey tend to have longer commute times and (5) the relationship between CCT and commuters’ ICT and tolerable commute time is positive; both hypothesised causal relationships are significant so that a loop is formed between subjective and objective variables, and thus a dynamic modelling process could be envisaged as temporal sequences of those variables.     

Optimal tank-trailer routing using the ILOG constraint programming – a Taiwan case study

Abstract

This paper investigates the routing of pressurized tank trailers and proposes a scheduling plan which ensures the practical delivery of industrial gases under the objective of reducing transportation costs. Using constraint programming, we solve a combinatorial optimization problem that incorporates both hard and soft constraints for routing and scheduling tank trailers. Hard constraints are resource and safety/regulation constraints, whereas soft constraints are utilization and efficiency constraints. This approach enables tank-trailer routing and scheduling management to consider different combinations of parameters and view the results in ‘real-time.’ The routing and scheduling results based on a case study in Taiwan fulfil the goals of avoiding risks associated with transporting industrial gases, and attaining efficient delivery while conforming to regulations and consistent with good business practice. The results also suggest that significant economies in distribution costs are possible.