犬心房室隔内细胞形态学特征

目的　通过观察犬心房室隔内细胞形态学特征 ,探讨其可能的功能意义。方法　利用光学显微镜 ,通过HE和Masson染色对犬心房室隔标本的细胞形态、排列方式、直径和染色深浅进行细致观察 ,通过透射电镜观察证实光镜所见细胞特征。结果　①心房扩展部可见到四条过渡细胞束与房室结相连 :Ⅰ径自冠状窦壁沿锥形间隙或室间隔肌与右房肌之间向前至房室结后端 ;Ⅱ径自冠状窦口周围沿右房心内膜下至房室结浅层 ;Ⅲ径经三尖瓣隔侧瓣与冠状窦口之间向前经心内膜下至房室结右后端并至房室结的浅层 ;Ⅳ径自左侧心房肌向右下沿室间隔肌上缘至房室结左后端。低倍镜下纤维排列较疏松 ,纤细 ,直径约 9.5 μm ,染色浅淡。高倍镜下细胞呈长形 ,核长圆形与细胞长轴方向一致 ,细胞质染色淡。电镜下细胞特征符合过渡细胞特点。②冠状窦周围见到大量T细胞和少量P细胞及浦肯野细胞。结论　犬心房室隔内有过渡细胞构成的新传导径路 ;冠状窦可能是一个重要的潜在起搏点     

脑胶质细胞瘤患者IL-6的表达及细胞免疫功能的变化

目的　研究脑胶质细胞瘤患者外周血中白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )的含量、红细胞免疫功能和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化规律 ,探讨它们之间的相互关系及临床意义。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)法测定患者IL 6的含量 ;免疫黏附法测定红细胞免疫活性及其调节功能 ;链亲和素 过氧化物酶 (S P)一步法测定CD3、CD4、CD8的细胞数。结果　脑胶质细胞瘤组IL 6含量较对照组明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;红细胞C3b受体 (RBC .C3bR)、红细胞免疫调节促进因子(RFER)亦明显降低 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而红细胞免疫复合物 (RBC .ICR)、红细胞免疫调节抑制因子 (RFIR)则明显升高 ;CD3、CD4细胞数明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,而CD8无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　脑胶质细胞瘤患者出现免疫功能低下 ,检测患者IL 6含量、红细胞免疫功能及T细胞亚群活性在脑胶质细胞瘤的发生、发展、治疗、转归及预后方面具有重要的临床指导意义。     

Neural network-based fuel consumption estimation for container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Due to the outstanding strength of advanced machine-learning techniques, they have become increasingly common in predictive studies in recent years, particularly in predicting ship energy performance. In constructing predictive models, prior studies have mostly employed vessels’ technical parameters to establish machine-learning algorithms. To bridge this research gap and enable wider applications, this paper presents the design of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP ANN) as a machine-learning technique to estimate ship fuel consumption. We utilized the real operational data from 100–143 container ships to estimate fuel consumption for five different container ships grouped by size. We compared the performance of two ANN models and two multiple-regression models. Four input parameters (sailing time, speed, cargo weight, and capacity) were included in the first ANN and the first regression model, while the other two models only consider two inputs from physical function. The mean absolute percentage error of the ANN models with four inputs was the smallest and less than those in extended statistical models, demonstrating the MLP’s superiority over the statistical model. The MLP ANN model can thus be applied to confirm the effectiveness of the slow-steaming method for achieving energy efficiency.     

Co-operation and competition in international container transport: strategies for ports

This paper focuses on the response of port authorities to the changing market environment in which they operate. It documents the changes taking place in the relationships between port authorities and terminal management companies and considers the strategic issues faced by these groups and other port interests. In particular, it investigates the potential conflicts of interest for a port authority in matters related to the level of competition amongst terminals within a port and the amount of competition amongst ports.     

Decoupled robust control of vehicular platoon with identical controller and rigid information flow

Platoon driving has potential to significantly benefit road traffic. This study presents a decoupled robust control strategy for a vehicular platoon with identical feedback controller and rigid information topology. The node dynamics of vehicle with a lower-level controller is assumed to be covered by a multiplicative uncertainty model. The vehicular platoon control system is skillfully decomposed into an uncertain part and a diagonal system by applying linear transformation and eigenvalue decomposition on information flow graph. Then the requirements of robust stability and distance tracking error are equivalent to the H-infinity norm of decoupled sub-systems. Comparative simulations with a non-robust controller and different communication topologies are conducted to demonstrate the robust stability and distance tracking performances of the proposed method.     

The most likely trip matrix estimated from traffic counts

For a large number of applications conventional methods for estimating an origin destination matrix become too expensive to use. Two models, based on information minimisation and entropy maximisation principles, have been developed by the authors to estimate an O-D matrix from traffic counts. The models assume knowledge of the paths followed by the vehicles over the network. The models then use the traffic counts to estimate the most likely O-D matrix consistent with the link volumes available and any prior information about the trip matrix. Both models can be used to update and improve a previous O-D matrix. An algorithm to find a solution to the model is then described. The models have been tested with artificial data and performed reasonably well. Further research is being carried out to validate the models with real data.     

Transport Innovation: Coping with the Future

An efficient transport system is a crucial precondition for economic development and an asset in international mobility. Mobility of passengers and transport of goods are considered key elements for a modern society. The transport sector is also a sector of continuous technological innovation. However, there is considerable uncertainty surrounding future transport technology and policy, as well as a large variation in ways to deal with this uncertainty. With regard to the latter it may be helpful to use more than one foresight method, e.g. a combination of methods each with a different emphasis on expertise, creativity and interaction with actors. Such a multiple method approach allows for the identification of those futures or future developments that are robust. This paper provides an introduction to the topic of transport innovation as well as providing a context for the four papers which follow in this special issue, illustrating the importance of taking such a multiple method approach.     

扭力梁后桥总成参数对整车转向特性影响的分析

基于大量整车K&C特性试验数据和车辆定位参数测试数据,建立了整车模型,并通过CARSIM参数化仿真加以验证.在此基础上,运用正交试验设计,分别在时域和频域内分析了整车转向特性对后桥参数的影响,得到了扭力梁后桥参数对整车转向特性的贡献率,为整车开发早期的结构选择和后续的结构设计提供了依据.     

When are subsidies to trans-European network projects justified?

The trans-European transport network (TEN-T) encompasses the major planned transport infrastructure in Europe, ranging from high speed rail to port infrastructure. Projects in this category are considered priority projects and receive European subsidies; but these have been insufficient to get these projects off the ground. This paper addresses two research questions. First, it sketches the basic economics of cross-boundary infrastructure projects: what pricing and investment policies can we expect, what is the role of through traffic and high fixed costs of infrastructure? Second, it examines briefly what lessons the EU could draw from the experience of other existing federal funding institutions like the US and Germany. These ideas are used to propose a new subsidy scheme for the TEN-T projects.     

Two-MPA Model for Siting a Marine Protected Area: Bahamian Case

This article recommends the parallel but separate modeling of nature-based and people-based marine protected areas (MPA) before the design and siting stages of establishing an MPA. Separate but simultaneous modeling of ideal nature and people MPAs permits each to be maximized for its own variables and subsequently compared to identify conflicts and agreements. The case that supports this recommendation is in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, where the study conducted 572 interviews with people from six traditional settlements in the central Exumas Islands and Cays. The research is focused on why members of these settlements differentially responded to three nearby national MPA proposals.