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261.
There has been a great deal of research on deriving estimates of the value of travel time savings (VTTS) as a way of converting
travel time benefits of toll roads relative to free routes into monetary units, the major user benefit in the development
of forecasts of traffic and hence revenue streams. By contrast there has been almost no consideration given to identifying
the role that various tollroad products play in establishing preferences for toll routes over non-tolled routes. Increasingly
tollroads give users the option to pay by cash at a toll booth, by electronic tolling or by a pre- or post-paid debit and
credit account system involving vehicle identification. The efficiency gained by electronic tolling for both the users and
the operator have resulted in moves in many jurisdictions to eliminate cash collection entirely (or not introduce it when
introducing a new tolled road facility), and to introduce a range of pre- and post-payment options. This has been accompanied
by a growing move to distance-based charging in some contexts which is more cumbersome to structure with a cash option. This
paper investigates current and potential travellers’ preferences for a range of toll products and how much individual’s are
willing to pay for very specific toll products. Data from a stated choice experiment is used in a mixed logit model to establish
the role that toll products play in the context of offered times and costs of alternative routes, in choosing between alternative
ways of paying for the use of tolled routes.
David A. Hensher is Professor of Management, and Founding Director of the Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. David is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, Recipient of the 2006 Engineers Australia Transport Medal for lifelong contribution to transportation, member of Singapore Land Transport Authority International Advisory Panel (Chaired by Minister of Transport). David is on the editorial boards of 10 of the leading transport journals and Area Editor of Transport Reviews. David was appointed in 1999 by one of the worlds most prestigious academic publishing houses—Elsevier Science press as series and volume editor of a new handbook series “Handbooks in Transport”. Appointments over recent years include: a member of the executive committee that reviewed bus transport bids for the Olympic Games, the NSW Government’s Peer Review Committee for the Sydney Strategic Transport Plan, Peer reviewer for Transfund (NZ) of the New Zealand project evaluation program, Peer reviewer of the NZ Land Passenger Transport Procurement Strategy for Land Transport NZ, member of the executive committee of ATEC, a consortium promoting a freight rail system between Melbourne and Darwin; economic adviser to Gilbert+Tobin Lawyers on valuation methods in IP context; panel member of NSW Ministry of Transport benchmarking program; specialist toll road project adviser to Thiess. John M. Rose is Director of the Industry Program and a Deputy Director at Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS). John’s research interests are in the areas of discrete choice modelling and efficient stated choice experiments. John has several articles published in the top Transportation and Logistics journals (including Transportation, Transportation Research A, B and E) and is a co-author of (with Professors David Hensher and William Greene) Applied Choice Analysis; A Primer, (2005) by Cambridge University Press. He is currently writing a book on generating efficient stated choice experimental designs (with Mike Bliemer, Delft). 相似文献
John M. RoseEmail: |
David A. Hensher is Professor of Management, and Founding Director of the Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. David is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, Recipient of the 2006 Engineers Australia Transport Medal for lifelong contribution to transportation, member of Singapore Land Transport Authority International Advisory Panel (Chaired by Minister of Transport). David is on the editorial boards of 10 of the leading transport journals and Area Editor of Transport Reviews. David was appointed in 1999 by one of the worlds most prestigious academic publishing houses—Elsevier Science press as series and volume editor of a new handbook series “Handbooks in Transport”. Appointments over recent years include: a member of the executive committee that reviewed bus transport bids for the Olympic Games, the NSW Government’s Peer Review Committee for the Sydney Strategic Transport Plan, Peer reviewer for Transfund (NZ) of the New Zealand project evaluation program, Peer reviewer of the NZ Land Passenger Transport Procurement Strategy for Land Transport NZ, member of the executive committee of ATEC, a consortium promoting a freight rail system between Melbourne and Darwin; economic adviser to Gilbert+Tobin Lawyers on valuation methods in IP context; panel member of NSW Ministry of Transport benchmarking program; specialist toll road project adviser to Thiess. John M. Rose is Director of the Industry Program and a Deputy Director at Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS). John’s research interests are in the areas of discrete choice modelling and efficient stated choice experiments. John has several articles published in the top Transportation and Logistics journals (including Transportation, Transportation Research A, B and E) and is a co-author of (with Professors David Hensher and William Greene) Applied Choice Analysis; A Primer, (2005) by Cambridge University Press. He is currently writing a book on generating efficient stated choice experimental designs (with Mike Bliemer, Delft). 相似文献
262.
263.
This paper presents some results of a knowledge based system (KBS) development applied to market research (MR) issues in transport. This application represents a rule production approach to decisions associated with the definition of appropriate survey procedures for various operation‐management problems in a transport enterprise or agency. The basic idea is to provide an aid for the user (manager, student or practitioner), who is concerned with MR, but is not very familiar with this field or has some concerns over data‐gathering and the use of that information. It focuses on specific applications in the transport environment and gives the user some support in maintaining greater consistency in his (her) decisions. The objective of this paper is to describe the system structure, to point out some important aspects and problems arising during its development and also to make some comments with respect to the further development of this and similar systems. 相似文献
264.
David A. Hensher Anne Yvrande‐Billon Rosário Macário John Preston Peter White Bill Tyson 《运输评论》2013,33(4):411-448
Abstract This paper documents some thoughts on the reform agenda in public transit that is occurring throughout the world. The specific focus is on a growing commitment to competitive regulation through competitive tendering, and the efforts by a few governments (notably in Australia) to take control of the tangible assets used by private operators as a mechanism to exercise the opportunity, if so taken, to put services out to competitive tender. The paper reviews the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on contracting regimes and asset ownership, and the role that government and the operator might play in a setting in which building trusting and collaborative partnerships has merit in delivering services that are in the main funded from the public purse. 相似文献
265.
It is widely recognized that individual decision-making is subject to the evaluation of gains and losses around a reference
point. The estimation of discrete choice models increasingly use data from stated choice experiments which are pivoted around
a reference alternative. However, to date, the specification of a reference alternative in transport studies has been fixed,
whereas it is common to observe individuals adjusting their preferences according to a change in their reference point. This
paper focuses on individual reactions, in a freight choice context, to a negative change in the reference alternative values,
identifying the behavioural implications in terms of loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity. The results show a significant
adjustment in the valuation of gains and losses around a shifted reference alternative. In particular, we find an average
increase in loss aversion for cost and time attributes, and a substantial decrease for punctuality. These findings are translated
to significant differences in the willingness to pay and willingness to accept measures, providing supporting evidence of
respondents’ behavioural reaction. 相似文献
266.
David Jaffee 《运输规划与技术》2016,39(7):730-746
The intermodal logistics supply chain is designed to move goods from the point of production to the point of consumption as quickly and as cheaply as possible. The ability to accomplish this objective has allowed for the wholesale geographic relocation and offshoring of basic manufacturing and assembly. As a chain of linked and integrated organizations characterized by sequential interdependence, interorganizational relations play a key role in determining the level of integration and seamlessness. Yet there is one critical interorganizational link in the chain that deviates from this vision. This is the relationship between the shipping container terminal and drayage trucking operations which is better described as a form of intermodal disintegration. The weakness in this link of the supply chain is explained by the divergent industrial structures and labor market conditions, the unique nature of the transaction, and the externalization of costs to subordinate workers. 相似文献
267.
David C.M. Miller Coleen L. Moloney Carl D. van der Lingen Christophe Lett Christian Mullon John G. Field 《Journal of Marine Systems》2006,61(3-4):212
A particle-tracking individual-based model (IBM) coupled with a 3-D hydrodynamic model was used to investigate how spatial variability in spawning and nursery grounds may influence transport and retention of sardine (Sardinops sagax) eggs and larvae in the southern Benguela ecosystem. A temperature-dependent Bělehrádek development model based on laboratory growth data was used to determine the duration of one egg and two larval stages. Successful transport/retention depended on each particle's stage of development rather than its age. Results show that recruitment could occur in two distinct nursery areas on the west and south coasts of South Africa. Three viable recruitment ‘systems’ were identified: two are retention-based (spawned and retained on the west coast (WC–WC) or the south coast (SC–SC)) and one is transport-based (spawned on the south coast and transported to the west coast (SC–WC)). In the WC–WC system, the vertical distribution of eggs influenced retention; at intermediate depths of spawning (25–50 m) eggs avoided both offshore Ekman drift and deep cold water. In the SC–SC system, the area of spawning was important; > 50% of eggs from the eastern Agulhas Bank (EAB) were retained in the south coast nursery grounds, whereas very few eggs were transported there from west of Cape Agulhas. In the SC–WC system, area of spawning was also important; 40% of the eggs spawned on the western Agulhas Bank (WAB) were transported to the west coast nursery ground. Sardine life history strategy could be divided between two main systems: the west coast system (spawning on the WAB and WC, and recruiting to the WC) and the Agulhas Bank system (spawning on the central and eastern Agulhas Bank, and recruiting to the SC). 相似文献
268.
Michael Barnett David Gatfield Bent Overgaard Claire Pekcan Allan Graveson 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2006,5(2):127-142
The objective of the study was to provide, through a series of interviews with key personnel from a range of European Member
States, an overview of the following:
– |
Possible and actual career paths of seafarers; 相似文献
269.
Alexander R. Horner-Devine David A. Jay Philip M. Orton Emily Y. Spahn 《Journal of Marine Systems》2009,78(3):460
The Columbia River plume is typical of large-scale, high discharge, mid-latitude plumes. In the absence of strong upwelling winds, freshwater from the river executes a rightward turn and forms an anticyclonic bulge before moving north along the Washington coast. In addition to the above dynamics, however, the river plume outflow is subject to large tides, which modify the structure of the plume in the region near the river mouth. Observations based on data acquired during a summer 2005 cruise indicate that the plume consists of four distinct water masses; source water at the lift-off point, and the tidal, re-circulating and far-field plumes. In contrast to most plume models that describe the discharge of low-salinity estuary water into ambient high-salinity coastal water, we describe the Columbia plume as the superposition of these four plume types.We focus primarily on a conceptual summary of the dynamics and mutual interaction of the tidal and re-circulating plumes. The new tidal plume flows over top of the re-circulating plume and is typically bounded by strong fronts. Soon after the end of ebb tide, it covers roughly 50–100% of the re-circulating plume surface area. The fronts may penetrate well below the re-circulating plume water and eventually spawn internal waves that mix the re-circulating plume further. The re-circulating plume persists throughout the tidal cycle and corresponds to a freshwater volume equivalent to 3–4 days of river discharge. Finally, the plume water masses are distinguished from one another in term of surface chlorophyll concentration, suggesting that the above classification may also describe different biological growth regimes. The low-salinity re-circulating plume serves as an extension of the estuary into the coastal ocean, or an “estuary at sea”, because residence times during periods of high river flow are greater than those in the estuary. 相似文献
270.
David G. Blair 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2006,11(2):123-130
In underwater acoustic imaging, which is used to produce high-quality images in turbid waters, a specular reflector can produce
a “pseudoimage” of the receiving array at the reflecting surface. Based on the “geometrical approximation” (which is similar
to geometrical acoustics), formulae are derived for the size and shape of the pseudoimage for both flat and curved reflectors.
For curved reflectors, described by two principal radii of curvature, the formulae also assume the “large-range approximation.”
The formulae allow radii of curvature to be determined from an image. Also discussed briefly are some possible extensions
and the role of nongeometrical effects. 相似文献
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