Discrete/continuous econometric models and their application to transport analysis

A wide range of transport‐related decisions involve the linking of discrete choices (e.g. of vehicle choice) and continuous choices (e.g. of vehicle use). In recent years econometricians have developed procedures for integrating such choices into a framework that is both economically and statistically sound. The literature is however somewhat technical. The objective of this paper is to provide a general overview of the basic elements of discrete/continuous econometric modelling with an emphasis on transport applications. It is hoped that such an introduction will demonstrate that the essence of the approach for the practitioner is quite straightforward and can be implemented with widely available computer software.     

Measuring unobserved prices using the structural time-series model: The case of cycling

This study presents a means of determining a historic (generalised cost based) price index for cycling in the UK for the period 1949–2006 using annual demand data. By specifying demand as a function of generalised price and income and then applying a structural time-series model to elucidate the unobserved component of prices (while controlling for observed income levels), it is illustrated that the role of prices in influencing demand is non-trivial. Over the sample period price responses generally influence demand for cycling to a greater extent than income effects.     

多伦多市的私营机场连接线

联邦皮尔逊机场轨道交通线，又叫蓝22线，为私营线，该线起自联邦车站，沿着CN Rail的既有韦斯顿走廊与安省公车公司的通勤列车共线运行，全长24．8km。预计2006年开始，到2009年开通。     

A NEW TWO-WAY AUTHENTICATION AND PRIVACY MECHANISM FOR WLAN SECURITY

Theconceptofwirelessnetworkwasintro ducedaround 1 980 [1,2 ] ,IEEE 80 2 .1 1forWirelessLocalAreaNetwork (WLAN )was publishedinJune 1 997[3] .Nowavarietyofwirelesstechnolo giesandproductshavebeendeveloped ,theyarebe comingtheviablecomplementarysolutionstowirednetworks[1] ,suchasLANextension ,inter LANbridges,ad hocnetworking ,nomadicaccess,etc..Moreover,wirelessalsoproducesavarietyofnewapplications,suchasmobileeducation ,computing ,bankingandsoon .Anewmobilecommerceisforthcoming .Thebig…     

Base Dynamic Parameter Estimation of a MacPherson Suspension Mechanism

Summary A MacPherson suspension mechanism is modeled as a two degrees of freedom spatial mechanism. Its dynamic response under two excitement forces is simulated with the motion equations in Euler Parameters with the off-the-center-of-mass body-fixed coordinates derived in this paper. Simulation results are sampled and input into a numerical estimation routine based on singular value decomposition (SVD). Accurate numerical estimation results are achieved. A set of base dynamic parameters in symbolic expressions is also derived from the numerical results utilizing the concepts of mass transfer and moments of inertia transfer. This makes it possible to apply the estimation results to any MacPherson suspension mechanism with the same joint configuration. The potential applications of the symbolic base dynamic parameters in suspension design are also considered.     

An investigation of incident frequency,duration and lanes blockage for determining traffic delay

Traffic delay caused by incidents is closely related to three variables: incident frequency, incident duration, and the number of lanes blocked by an incident that is directly related to the bottleneck capacity. Relatively, incident duration has been more extensively studied than incident frequency and the number of lanes blocked in an incident. In this study, we provide an investigation of the influencing factors for all of these three variables based on an incident data set that was collected in New York City (NYC). The information about the incidents derived from the identification can be used by incident management agencies in NYC for strategic policy decision making and daily incident management and traffic operation. In identifying the influencing factors for incident frequency, a set of models, including Poisson and Negative Binomial regression models and their zero‐inflated models, were considered. An appropriate model was determined based on a model decision‐making tree. The influencing factors for incident duration were identified based on hazard‐based models where Exponential, Weibull, Log‐logistic, and Log‐normal distributions were considered for incident duration. For the number of lanes blocked in an incident, the identification of the influencing factors was based on an Ordered Probit model which can better capture the order inherent in the number of lanes blocked in an incident. As identified in this study, rain is the only factor that significantly influenced incident frequency. For incident duration and the number of lanes blocked in an incident, various factors had significant impact. As concluded in this study, there is a strong need to identify the influencing factors in terms of different types of incidents and the roadways where the incidents occured.     

欧洲走廊将大规模安装欧洲铁路运输管理系统

欧洲铁路运输管理系统安装会议于2006年4月4日-6日在匈牙利的布达佩斯举行。此次会议由国际铁路联盟主持召开，会议旨在部署欧洲铁路运输管理系统在六大欧洲铁路运输走廊上的安装。此前，欧盟委员会与铁路部门已于3月份通过了一项谅解备忘录。     

Quantitative analysis of passenger and baggage security screening at airports

The terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 opened a new era in air transportation. The realization that civil aircraft can be used as powerful weapons of mass destruction by a small group of people has drastically increased the need for security screening procedures to protect civil flights. Serving as the interface between the air and land transportation modes, airports have become the main focus in the implementation of those procedures. The need to more thoroughly screen passengers and baggage, and the consequent increase in processing time, has created the need for more space for security checkpoints and baggage screening inside passenger terminal buildings—space that is costly and very difficult to find in existing buildings. This paper evaluates the impact those measures have had on the planning and operation of airport passenger terminals. Quantification of those impacts is performed with the use of discrete‐event simulation and spreadsheet models.