基于SVD-UKF的车用锂离子动力电池传感器故障诊断研究

针对传感器故障诊断问题,提出通过分析模型预测电压与传感器观测电压的残差来诊断传感器是否发生故障的方法。使用无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF）算法估计电池的端电压,并提出使用奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD）代替平方根法分解,以解决协方差矩阵非正定导致的算法无法正常运行的问题。提出使用累积和（Cumulative Sum,CUSUM）法对残差进行分析,通过监测CUSUM的变化来判断传感器是否发生故障。以动应力测试（Dynamic Stress Test,DST）工况作为验证工况,用3类常见的传感器故障对提出的方法进行验证。结果表明,提出的传感器故障检测方法在一些微小故障的检测中,相比于传统的设定残差阈值的方法更灵敏,能更快检测出微小的数据偏移情况。     

LM-CDBN超高层变形预测模型的构建与应用

为提高超高层建筑变形预测精度，对附有条件的深度信念网络（conditional deep belief network，CDBN）模型中权值及阈值调整方法进行了改进，使用LM （Levenberg-Marquardt）算法作为新的模型定权机制，构建了LM-CDBN网络模型；将构建的LM-CDBN超高层变形预测模型应用于一座298 m超高层建筑中；然后用训练误差、预测值拟合度、预测结果稳定性组成的综合评价体系对模型进行了评价；最后，将LM-CDBN模型分别与深度信念模型（deep belief network，DBN）、极限学习机（extreme learning machine，ELM）、基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的支持回归向量机（unscented Kalman filter-support vector regression，UKF-SVR）进行了预测结果对比. 结果表明:在超高层建筑的变形预测中，相比DBN、ELM和UKF-SVR，LM-CDBN预测精度分别提升了32%、55%及24%，模型的信息提取稳定性及处理时变系统非线性问题的泛化能力得到了提高.      

地面激光扫描仪的精度影响因素分析

尽管地面三维激光扫描技术正被越来越多地应用于多个领域,但对其测量数据的精度评定,至今尚缺乏必要的理论及方法支持。从分析直接测量数据出发,对该类测量仪器误差的主要来源及其对测量数据的影响情况进行了详细分析,构建了地面三维激光扫描仪单个扫描点测量数据的精度评价模型。该模型为基于地面三维激光扫描仪高精度测量项目(如变形监测)的测量成果精度评定,以及测量方案的优化设计提供了所必需的理论基础。     

轿车车门刚度有限元分析及结构优化

本文建立了车门变形分析的有限元模型。分别对车门在理论间隙和实测间隙下的Y向变形、X向变形进行分析。最后，对车门的薄弱部位进行了分析，并提出了加强车门结构刚度的优化措施，通过对刚度加强前后比较，表明在加强刚度后车门变形明显地减小，从而对实际生产工艺具有理论指导意义。     

Permanent Magnet Linear Motors Used as Variable Mechanical Dampers for Vehicle Suspensions

Linear electrodynamic motors consisting of coils of copper wire interacting with magnetic fields produced by permanent magnets can be used to construct mechanical dampers with a damping coefficient which can be rapidly varied by changing the external resistance connected to the coil. Limitations to the use of these variable dampers arise due to the coil's own resistance and mass and the practically achievable magnetic field. A moving coil system is first analyzed and then modifications to the basic results when a moving magnet design is used are given. The results indicate that for the oscillation freauencies tvoicallv encountered in road vehicle suspensions, electrodynamic variable shock absorbers are feasible. A novel coreless design appropriate for use with high energy permanent magnets is proposed which would significantly reduce the weight of the units.     

高地应力软弱围岩铁路隧道的衬砌压力

以关角隧道为工程背景,采用开挖应力释放率模型,研究高地应力软弱围岩地质条件下铁路隧道的衬砌压力.基于现场实测地应力和施工监测位移,根据台阶法开挖中存在的空间效应,推算未监测到的坑道周边位移和掌子面前方位移,再采用改进的BP人工神经网络模型预测隧道围岩的最终位移.利用开挖应力释放率模型获得隧道衬砌压力及应力释放规律.该规律与经典围岩特征曲线规律一致,且与工程经验和现场施工状态基本符合.采用FLAC3D软件对该段隧道开挖过程进行三维数值模拟,验证了上述方法在高地应力软弱围岩地质条件下的正确性和合理性.计算结果和模拟结果均表明:由于高地应力软弱围岩和初支效果不佳,使得关角隧道DyK307+ 900处衬砌压力较大,隧道结构处于不利的受力状态.     

Energy Flow in Active Attitude Control Suspensions: A Bond Graph Analysis

Fully active ground vehicle suspensions which completely replace the passive spring and damper elements with a force generating actuator have required a significant amount of power. Alternative systems which retain compliant elements to handle high frequency isolation but include active elements to control the vehicle body attitude have been developed to reduce the power requirements. These suspensions are called “low bandwidth” or “fast load leveler” systems and they often incorporate semi-active dampers which produce high frequency controllable forces with low power requirements. Here, two contrasting attitude control systems are studied to show that actuator power can be significantly reduced if the actuator is used to vary a lever ratio instead of being used to compress the suspension spring directly. Both types of systems have been successfully implemented in prototype form. Bond graphs for idealized versions of the suspensions show clearly the significant differences in actuator power and energy requirements even though the abstract mathematical structures of the two systems are remarkably similar. Computer simulations confirm the analytical results.     

基于粒子滤波联合算法的地磁室内定位

室内地磁场受钢结构与其它铁磁材料的影响,造成磁场区域局部异常,使室内地磁场具有特异性. 受益于此种现象,室内地磁定位技术得以实现. 然而在大型建筑中地磁场的特异性会减弱,这导致定位结果出现模糊现象. 针对这一现象,文中提出了基于路径匹配的室内地磁定位技术,通过增加匹配特征数量来解决此问题. 使用基于动态时间规整（dynamic time warp,DTW）算法与粒子滤波（particle filter,PF）算法的新型联合算法,并以路径匹配的模式对目标进行追踪. 在匹配过程中又通过计算斯皮尔曼等级（Spearman）相关系数确定路径之间的相似度,使之作为辅助定位. 最后用装载了磁传感器的测量机器人进行实验验证,结果表明:路径匹配具有足够的地磁特征数量,能够解决特异性减弱情况下定位结果模糊现象,且定位精度优于1 m.