Floating car based travel times for city logistics

City logistics routing requires time-dependent travel times for each network link. We rely on the concept of Floating Car Data (FCD) to develop and provide such travel times. Different levels of aggregation in the determination of time-dependent travel times from a database of historical FCD are presented and evaluated with regard to routing quality. Furthermore, a Data Mining approach is introduced, allowing for a substantial reduction of the volume of input data required for city logistics routing. The different approaches are investigated and evaluated by a huge amount of FCD collected for the urban area of Stuttgart, Germany. The results show that the Data Mining approach enables efficient provision of time-dependent travel times without a significant loss of routing quality for city logistics applications.     

A Method for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management

An assumption underlying the growing support for marine protected areas (MPAs) is that they meet conservation goals and provide economic benefits to fisheries and ecotourism. However, support for MPAs will be at risk if managers cannot assess whether various MPA objectives are being fulfilled. Current approaches to MPA management emphasize the need to evaluate performance criteria; however, there is little consensus on criteria and their evaluation. We propose a marine protected area evaluation model (MPAEM), based on and modified from a multidisciplinary approach used to assess the sustainability of fisheries, called rapid appraisal of fisheries (Rapfish). The application of the MPAEM was explored in a pilot study of 20 MPAs located in different regions of the world. Results indicate that the MPAEM can be used to evaluate MPA management effectiveness. However, the manner in which the evaluation attributes are scored and ways of engaging user groups should be explored before MPAEM can become part of the day-to-day management of MPAs.     

Values,attitudes and travel behavior: a hierarchical latent variable mixed logit model of travel mode choice

Values lie at the heart of an individual’s belief system, serving as prototypes from which attitudes and behaviors are subsequently manufactured. Attitudes and behaviors may evolve over time, but values represent a set of more enduring beliefs. This study examines the influence of values on travel mode choice behavior. It is argued that personal values influence individual attitudes towards different alternative attributes, which in turn impact modal choices. Using data from a sample of 519 German commuters drawn from a consumer panel, the study estimates an integrated choice and latent variable model of travel mode choice that allows for hierarchical relationships between the latent variables and flexible substitution patterns across the modal alternatives. Results from the empirical application support the value-attitude-behavior hierarchical model of cognition, and provide insights to planners and policy-makers on how better to sell public transit as a means of travel.     

回家

又是一个难得的悠长假期,只是临近结束。收拾行囊,发现沿途购入的物品已然将箱子撑爆。每次都是如此,虽然这样的购物欲不会太过影响我的钱包,因为它们都是些并不昂贵的物件。家中的储物格又会多出一批新的收藏,心中顿生美好。更重要的,数千公里的行程只余下不多,家,近在眼前。     

微型实验室

对制药公司来说，重组细胞药物靶点的表达和纯化是一项很有挑战性的任务。由于此药物涉及范围广及其高流通量，焦点通常集中在核心设备上。为了筛选靶点，需要大量的高纯度蛋白质，以便在药物发现期间，可进行功能分析或者利用结晶学进行结构研究。与生物制药学一样，蛋白质变得越来越重要，对其需求也越来越多。     

糖基化模式

一些生物技术产品，比如促红细胞生成素和单克隆抗体（mAbs）等，可以发生糖基化作用，这一性质显著影响了它们在体内的安全性和治疗效果。这些治疗用糖蛋白发生糖基化作用后生成多糖，从而影响了它们的生物活性和稳定性，这也是造成生物技术产品生产过程中出现批次差异的主要因素。     

汽车油漆的集成工艺

1“集成工艺”的开发 （1）经济性 a．降低工艺成本。 b．提高工艺效率。 c．缩短涂装工艺链。 （2）生态性 a．减少涂料VOC的排放。 b．减少废气的排放。 c．减少CO，排放。     

Three-phase traffic theory and two-phase models with a fundamental diagram in the light of empirical stylized facts

Despite the availability of large empirical data sets and the long history of traffic modeling, the theory of traffic congestion on freeways is still highly controversial. In this contribution, we compare Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory with the phase diagram approach for traffic models with a fundamental diagram. We discuss the inconsistent use of the term “traffic phase” and show that patterns demanded by three-phase traffic theory can be reproduced with simple two-phase models, if the model parameters are suitably specified and factors characteristic for real traffic flows are considered, such as effects of noise or heterogeneity or the actual freeway design (e.g. combinations of off- and on-ramps). Conversely, we demonstrate that models created to reproduce three-phase traffic theory create similar spatiotemporal traffic states and associated phase diagrams, no matter whether the parameters imply a fundamental diagram in equilibrium or non-unique flow-density relationships. In conclusion, there are different ways of reproducing the empirical stylized facts of spatiotemporal congestion patterns summarized in this contribution, and it appears possible to overcome the controversy by a more precise definition of the scientific terms and a more careful comparison of models and data, considering effects of the measurement process and the right level of detail in the traffic model used.     

Benzene concentrations on board chemical tankers

Maritime transport of benzene is regulated by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). Two important guidelines for a ship’s crew in this matter are IMO circulars 1095 and 1220. The first one describes the minimum safety standards for ships carrying liquids in bulk containing benzene while circular 1220 deals with structural guidelines for new ships carrying liquids in bulk containing benzene, but also technical developments could help in improving safety and health protection on board chemical tankers carrying benzene in bulk. The aim of the present paper is to determine the benzene concentration in the working and living environment on board a modern chemical tanker carrying benzene in bulk, where all safety, technical and operational procedures described by IMO in the above-mentioned circulars are followed. During specific cargo operations, we measured the benzene concentrations on different locations on board by means of Radiello® passive diffusive samplers. Despite all measures taken, we found an important difference in benzene concentration between operations with a benzene cargo compared to operations without benzene on board, as well as inside and outside the accommodation. Moreover, even during discharge operations, where the emission is theoretically zero, we found an important increase in the benzene concentration. In addition, we found less favourable results for the engine room.