秦岭终南山隧道无线通信解决方案

秦岭终南山隧道长18km，是我国目前设计的最长的公路隧道，该文通过对几种无线通信解决方案进行经济、技术比较，推荐出一种技术可行、工程造价较低的设计方案。     

Optimal Adaptive Active Suspensions for a Full Car Model

In order to present a useful method for designing active suspension of a vehicle, a linear full-car model is used in this investigation. In this model, the dampers of passive system are totally replaced by actuators. The actuators are controlled with optimal full state vector feedback. After determining feedback coefficients, the responses of active and passive systems were compared and it was found that performance of active system is much superior. It is desired that, changes in vehicle parameters would not affect the system's performance and hence should not violate its optimality. In other words, the system should behave adaptively using Model Reference Adaptive Control. The optimally controlled active suspension was used as a model for the active suspension of vehicle. In this way, the suspension of vehicle is controlled in such a way that its output approaches to that of the optimal active model. Thus the suspension should behave just like the optimal one.     

Active Suspension Control to Improve Vehicle Ride and Handling

In practice most active vehicle suspension work can be traced to two sources, Lotus' modal control and Karnopp's skyhook damper. A model is developed which allows comparison of different active suspension control algorithms. The Lotus modal control algorithm is reviewed, and compared with Karnopp's skyhook damper. It is shown that a tight inner closed loop allows the Lotus algorithm to achieve the inertial damping described by Kamopp for a single comer or quarter car. It is suggested that to achieve simultaneously high inertial damping and good disturbance rejection an inner force loop is desirable. A vehicle control scheme is presented which combines the Lotus modal decomposition with Karnopp's skyhook damper, allowing nearly optimal ride and simultaneously permitting modification of vehicle handling properties.     

浅谈高速铁路框架桥涵的设计

首先介绍了涵洞的主要功能及分类,同时对高速铁路框架桥的设计原则、主要结构尺寸、结构计算荷载进行了介绍。最后对框架桥设计中应着重考虑的若干问题进行了探讨,以求为以后同类设计提供一定的借鉴。     

盾构管片接头破坏类型及 参数敏感性分析

盾构管片接头是整环管片力学性能的薄弱部位,容易发生破坏。通过分析盾构管片接头的受力特性、管片接头的破坏类型以及管片内力和其影响因素之间的关系,再进行人工神经网络敏感性分析,计算得到不同影响因素的相对重要性指数大小。研究结果表明:盾构管片接头的破坏类型为受拉破坏;管片外径(RI=54.4%)对管片最大拉应力影响最大,其次是围岩等级(RI=35.3%),隧道埋深和混凝土强度对管片最大拉应力影响较小,相对重要性指数RI小于6%。     

Simulation assessment of incident detection by cellular phone call-in programs

This research study was designed to assess by simulation the efficacy of incident detection by cellular phone call-in programs. The assessment was conducted by varying the proportion of drivers with cellular phones on the highway so as to mirror the cellular industry statistics that show a continued growth of ownership of cellular phones in the United States. An analytical model, which combined simulation and the limited field data available in the literature, was used to determine measures of effectiveness of the cellular phone-based detection system. The results showed that a cellular phone detection system offers fast incident detection times and higher detection rates for both shoulder and lane blocking incidents. For example, in moderate traffic flow (i.e. 1,550 vehicles per hour per lane), 90 percent of incidents blocking two lanes were detected in 1.5 minutes when the proportion of drivers with cellular phones was one out of 10 drivers, even with only 20 percent of them willing to report incidents. When the current proportion of cellular ownership, i.e. 1 out of 3, was used in the simulation, the detection time improved to 0.8 minutes. The simulation analysis of incident detection by cellular phones also showed that there is a direct relationship between the probability of detection and the detection time; that is, the specification of a higher detection rate resulted in slower detection times. This is in sharp contrast with the results of field study of automatic incident detection (AID) systems which demonstrated an inverse relationship between probability of detection and detection time. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A multioutput cost function for the services of Spanish ports' infrastructure

A long run multioutput cost function for the infrastructure services of Spanish ports is estimated using 286 observations on 26 ports during 11 years. Cargo specific marginal costs and the degree of economies of scale and scope are calculated up to a port level. Results show that liquid bulk and non-containerised general cargo present the lowest and largest marginal cost, respectively. Increasing returns to scale are present in general and for each and every port. A scope analysis indicates that port specialisation is not appropriate from the viewpoint of infrastructure.     

Fatigue life reliability prediction of a stub axle using Monte Carlo simulation

A stub axle is a part of a vehicle constant-velocity system that transfers engine power from the transaxle to the wheels. The stub axle is subjected to fatigue failures due to cyclic loads arising from various driving conditions. The aim of this paper was to introduce a probabilistic framework for fatigue life reliability analysis that addresses uncertainties that appear in the mechanical properties. Service loads in terms of response-time history signal of a Belgian pave were replicated on a multi-axial spindle-coupled road simulator. The stress-life method was used to estimate the fatigue life of the component. A fatigue life probabilistic model of a stub axle was developed using Monte Carlo simulation where the stress range intercept and slope of the fatigue life curve were selected as random variables. Applying the goodness-of-fit analysis, lognormal was found to be the most suitable distribution for the fatigue life estimates. The fatigue life of the stub axle was found to have the highest reliability between 8000–9000 cycles. Because of uncertainties associated with the size effect and machining and manufacturing conditions, the method described in this paper can be effectively applied to determine the probability of failure for mass-produced parts.     

Editorial: Young maritime researchers—a note of respect

Globalization, liberalization, competition and spatial interaction are significant factors affecting the transformation of manufacturing industries worldwide. In the transportation and logistics industry, however, cooperation is becoming even more critical than competition in determining firms' efficiency. Cooperation has always characterized the liner sector in which strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions have generated twin effects: notable increases in ship size and falls in freight rates. Meanwhile, the stevedoring industry is undergoing privatization-driven consolidation and the emergence of global pure terminal operators. This article focuses on vertical integration between global carriers and terminal operators. We address the following key current issues: 1. dedicated terminals as a strategy for cutting costs and controlling integrated transport chains;

2. the struggle for supply chain control, involving global carriers versus global terminal operators, driven by financial power and technical and managerial capability.

We close analysing one of the core problems of the market, namely the evolving role of the dedicated terminals. For the pure stevedores they represent an opportunity to secure a cargo, while in the hands of the liners they enable cost stability and the possibility to put pressure on pure terminal operators.