Hierarchical ordering of nests in a joint mode and destination choice model

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between mode and destination choice in an integrated nested choice model. A fundamental argument can be made that in certain circumstances, the ordering of choices should be reversed from the usual sequence of destination choice preceding mode choice. This results in a travel demand model where travelers are more likely to change destinations than to change transportation modes. For small and medium size urban areas, particularly in the United States, with less well developed public transit systems that draw few choice riders, this assumption makes much more sense than the traditional modeling assumptions. The models used in the new travel modeling system developed for Knoxville, Tennessee utilize this reversed ordering, with generally good results, which required no external tinkering in the logsum parameters.     

An activity-based approach for scheduling multimodal transit services

This paper proposes a new activity-based transit assignment model for investigating the scheduling (or timetabling) problem of transit services in multi-modal transit networks. The proposed model can be used to generate the short-term and long-term timetables of multimodal transit lines for transit operations and service planning purposes. The interaction between transit timetables and passenger activity-travel scheduling behaviors is captured by the proposed model, as the activity and travel choices of transit passengers are considered explicitly in terms of departure time choice, activity/trip chain choices, activity duration choice, transit line and mode choices. A heuristic solution algorithm which combines the Hooke–Jeeves method and an iterative supply–demand equilibrium approach is developed to solve the proposed model. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the differences between the activity-based approach and the traditional trip-based method, together with comparison on the effects of optimal timetables with even and uneven headways. It is shown that the passenger travel scheduling pattern derived from the activity-based approach is significantly different from that obtained by the trip-based method, and that a demand-sensitive (with uneven headway) timetable is more efficient than an even-headway timetable.     

State-of-the art of freight forecast modeling: lessons learned and the road ahead

In this paper we review freight forecasting models and current advances and needs with respect to data and model development. We then present a case study to suggest which models should be developed for the State of California in the US. We suggest several alternatives including an aggregate commodity flow model, a disaggregate regional logistics model and a hybrid regional logistics model with a truck touring model. We point out however, that the data requirements for the latter model would be extensive. In addition, the development of hybrid models, for example progress in the integration of regional logistics models with urban truck touring models, will introduce new problems such as reconciling the outputs of multiple models for consistency.     

Treatment of seasonal tickets for public transport in estimation and application of mode/destination choice models

A new model system dealing with trips of length up to 100 km has recently been developed in Norway. A new way of dealing with seasonal passes for public transport is used in the travel-to-work model. The objective was to account for the fact that a respondent that posses a seasonal pass for public transport may behave as if public transport is free on the day they report a travel diary. On the other hand, we can not assume that public transport is free for respondents that used other modes of transport or that public transport is free to alternative destinations. This problem was solved by defining seasonal pass as a separate alternative in the form of a nest that included all modes of travel. The cost of a seasonal pass is a common cost for all modes in the nest and will thus not affect the choice within the nest. The estimation of this specification is compared with the more common approach of assigning an average cost per day based on the cost of a monthly pass and the number of workdays in a month. The comparison indicates that the “average cost per day” approach may produce biased estimates for several parameters. It also turns out that the cost parameter for seasonal pass is higher than the parameter for “out of pocket” cost, probably reflecting that there will be some uncertainty with respect to the actual use of a seasonal pass.     

A comprehensive analysis of household transportation expenditures relative to other goods and services: an application to United States consumer expenditure data

This paper proposes a multiple discrete continuous nested extreme value (MDCNEV) model to analyze household expenditures for transportation-related items in relation to a host of other consumption categories. The model system presented in this paper is capable of providing a comprehensive assessment of how household consumption patterns (including savings) would be impacted by increases in fuel prices or any other household expense. The MDCNEV model presented in this paper is estimated on disaggregate consumption data from the 2002 Consumer Expenditure Survey data of the United States. Model estimation results show that a host of household and personal socio-economic, demographic, and location variables affect the proportion of monetary resources that households allocate to various consumption categories. Sensitivity analysis conducted using the model demonstrates the applicability of the model for quantifying consumption adjustment patterns in response to rising fuel prices. It is found that households adjust their food consumption, vehicular purchases, and savings rates in the short run. In the long term, adjustments are also made to housing choices (expenses), calling for the need to ensure that fuel price effects are adequately reflected in integrated microsimulation models of land use and travel.     

公路桥梁伸入隧道方案探讨

包(头)茂(名)高速公路陕西境柞水至小河段出现多处桥隧相接,文章对项目中采用的桥梁伸入隧道方案进行了分析,介绍了桥梁伸入隧道方案设计施工中可能出现的问题及处理措施,如隧道断面加宽、隧道内排水系统出水口通畅、洞外管线进洞、隧道和桥台施工干扰、桥梁跨径布置等.桥梁伸入隧道方案可避免洞口高边坡,有利于环境保护,对开拓设计思路、提高选线的灵活性有一定的借鉴意义.     

城市轨道交通的建设理念及其实现

从工程实践出发,结合城市轨道交通的建设标准和规范,通过规划选址、资源整合共享、设计体现等三个视角, 总结归纳出了城市轨道交通在规划、设计、建设中普遍遵循的一些理念,并对这些理念的实现做了初步探讨,从规划、细节设计等方面提出落实相应理念的建议。     

转向扭矩传感器浅析

本文系统介绍了应用于电动助力转向系统的扭矩传感器分类、工作原理,同时阐述了关键性能指标及各个指标的一般要求.并从传感器的角度匹配和输出电压与扭杆关系两个角度探讨了传感器与EPS系统的匹配性,对后续扭矩传感器的开发具有指导意义.     

浅析RFID 3大阻力及其解决之道

介绍了目前阻碍射频识别技术发展的3大阻力,分析了解决3大阻力切实可行的途径,最后对RFID的未来进行了展望.     

杭州地铁部分站点的物业开发方案

根据杭州地铁物业开发建设的原则，结合杭州地铁1号线3个车站周边物业开发的情况，介绍了地铁车站与周边地块物业开发衔接的几种形式，并对车站出入口及风亭等与物业的开发进行了分析。