Emissions simulation in a 7000 kg-grade diesel hybrid electric vehicle

Hybrids combine a combustion engine with an electric motor and battery. The two technologies can be combined to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This paper presents the concept of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applied to truck or van vehicles with diesel engines. The simulation results from the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) demonstrate that the required power may be properly shared between the internal combustion engine and electric motor. The simulation can also be used to prove that the technique is useful for improvements in driving performance; additionally, the technique is suitable for hybrid electric vehicles, allowing for good fuel economy and low emissions performance.     

Ecology of bottom ice algae: II. Dynamics, distributions and productivity

Spring blooms of bottom ice algae are a common feature of landfast congelation ice in polar regions. Because ice algae are usually associated with a substrate, their population dynamics can be followed with considerable confidence. Although ice algal dynamics are closely related to irradiance, their dynamics and distributions are influenced by other abiotic and biotic factors. Ice algal abundance varies horizontally over all scales examined. Factors such as grazing and nutrient availability may contribute to local and geographic differences. Loss terms for most sea ice assemblages are largely unquantified. Ice algal biomass is most concentrated near the ice-water interface in spring.Environmental factors affecting ice algal abundance and productivity are considered here, emphasizing recent results from several well-studied sites. Biomass accumulation, growth rates and productivity have been documented for spring blooms of bottom interstitial and sub-ice assemblages. On an areal basis biomass accumulation in bottom ice assemblages can be comparable with planktonic systems. At low ambient temperatures and irradiances average specific growth rates (≤ 0.25 d⁻¹) and production rates (≤ 1.0 mg C mg Chl⁻¹ h⁻¹) for ice algae are low. Current methods of measuring productivity are compared. Results are consistently low but variable with little systematic difference among them. At present, apparent differences in productivity between bottom ice assemblages in the Arctic and Antarctic, or among different antarctic assemblages, are so confounded by methodological and other sources of variability that no firm differences can be detected.     

Bayesian kriging regression for the accuracy improvement of beam modeled T-junctions of buses and coaches structures with a methodology based on FEM behavioral analysis

This paper has been developed in the framework of the alternative beam T-junction solution previously propoused by the authors (Alcalá et al., 2013), with the scope of optimizing the behavior of buses and coaches upper structures modeled with beam type elements. The alternative beam T-junction model proposed by the authors, had a total of six elastic elements at the junction level allowing to modify the localized rigidity of any modeled T-junctions, therefore improving their behavior and avoiding the well known rigidity issue these elements have. A fundamental aspect behind the use of these alternative beam models is related to the necessity of correctly estimating the rigidity values of the elastic elements for each modeled T-junction. In this context, we propose applying a surrogate model for the reference calculations which is based on statistical Bayesian kriging predictors. Statistical predictions have the added value, with respect to deterministic solutions, of providing a quantification of uncertainty. The development of the kriging predictors has required the application of a statistical methodology including computer experiment design, computation of moments of inertia, graphical and ANOVA type sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo computation of Bayesian inference. The results of the application have been a very satisfactory trade-off between accuracy of approximation (prediction) and computational cost. The surrogate kriging models also provide an useful tool for a better understanding of the input-output relationships involved in the reference computations.     

地震荷载作用下轮轨系统振动特性分析

为了分析轮轨系统在地震荷载激励下的动力响应,根据振动力学和有限元理论,利用ANAYS结构分析软件,建立三维轮轨系统接触的有限元模型,模型中考虑轮轨之间的实际接触状态,计算在地震荷载激励下的轮轨系统的振动特性。结果表明:地震荷载下轮轨接触应力是静力时的1.8倍,并且轮轨出现短暂的分离,接触区域的等效Mises应力有不同程度增大,车体加速度超出限值14.3%。     

多功能远洋渔船主推进系统和电站配置研究综述

明确了多功能远洋渔船的发展前景及意义,结合中国远洋渔船发展现状提出了中国多功能远洋渔船主推进系统设计的四种可行性方案。分析了典型的多功能远洋渔船运行工况,并以此为基础给出了柴油机推进方案,电力推进方案,轴带发电机方案,以及混合电力推进方案研究方法。强调了每种设计方案的重点,并分析了每种方案优缺点,为后继开展更为深入的研究和实际工程应用提供了借鉴与参考。     

移动电站备件库存优化分析

建立了备件库存物资的存储策略模型，并通过建立存储策略期望费用方程，求解期望费用的极小值，来确定期初存储量和订货量。并且计算订货监测点的值，从而建立适宜的备件经济订货模型。     

雾封层养护措施的路用效果分析

依托多条雾封层养护措施试验路段的施工实践,对雾封层措施的施工艺及养护措施的路用效果进行评价,评价指标主要包括抗滑摆值、路面构造深度及路面渗水系数,结果表明：雾封层措施对这3个指标值都有明显的改善,达到了减少水损害和延长道路寿命的目的,但在施工中,应严格注意针对具体的路段采用合适的雾封层措施中乳化沥青的比例,达到最佳的养护效果。     

沥青路面性能衰减规律的经验法预测模型探讨

沥青路面性能衰减规律的预测模型是进行路面预防性养护管理的重要内容,通过采用经验法预测模型对性能指标IRI、PCI进行分析,来预测路面的使用性能,总结出经验法预测模型的建模程序和使用特点.     

TLA改性沥青的高温流变性能研究

采用动态力学分析方法对基质沥青和TLA改性沥青的高温动态流变性能进行研究,测定了一定温度和频率范围内的动态流变性能参数,并通过分析TLA掺量不同的改性沥青的动态性能参数变化规律来分析TLA对沥青的流变性能的影响,结果表明：加入TLA后沥青复数模量增大,相位角减小,沥青的车辙因子相应增大.     

DIETARY MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY INCREASES LEVELS AND FUNCTION OF Giα IN THE RAT HEART AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

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