Fatigue life prediction of welded stiffened 350WT steel plates

The propagation of fatigue cracks under constant amplitude cyclic loading was studied in welded stiffened steel plates. The residual stresses in the stiffened plates were measured using the neutron diffraction strain-scanning technique. A finite element model of the stiffened plate was constructed to simulate the residual stresses by an uncoupled thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis. Both the finite element model and the neutron diffraction measurements indicated that in general the residual stresses were tensile near the welded stiffeners and compressive between the stiffeners and ahead of the starter notch tip. Fatigue testing indicated that the fatigue crack growth rates of the stiffened plates were in general lower than that of a corresponding unstiffened plate, especially near the notch tip where compressive residual stresses existed. Both the finite element method and Green's function predicted the fatigue crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy.     

Comparison of Feedforward and Feedback Control for 4WS

A system incorporating feedforward plus feedback control was configured such that it would follow the target yaw rate found by calculation. Selection of optimum values for the control system constants made it possible to separate control of the steering input response characteristic from control of vehicle stability against external disturbances. The former is controlled by the feedforward control function and the latter by the feedback control function; the values of the two functions can be set independently.     

Possibility of jamming and wedging in the three-piece trucks of a moving freight car

Three-piece trucks have some drawbacks, particularly unstable operation of the friction wedge damping system. One of the principal features of systems of this kind is the possibility of jamming and wedging. This work is devoted to mathematical and numerical modeling of the plane motion of a freight car with allowance for the mobility of the wedges and then for the compliance of the contacting bodies and to the study of the conditions for the onset of jamming and wedging when the car is in motion.     

A quarter a century of port management in Europe: objectives and tools

The past quarter of a century has brought with it significant change in the field of port management, both in terms of the goals that are set and the tools used. This trend has resulted in increased pressure on port authorities. The purpose of this paper is to deal in greater detail with developments in this area of port economics.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

台湾海底隧道之接头与管段变化研析及对策

台湾唯一之海底隧道系采沉埋方式施工,该隧道不仅处于具高度盐份腐蚀之不利环境,且位于软弱地盘上.于营运二十余年后,轻微异状已有显现,如管段接头锈蚀、管体渗漏及管体裂损等异状.上述异状可能为接头构件变形、管体变位/变形及结构劣化等影响隧道安全之前兆,甚至降低其耐震能力;因该隧道肩负港区及区域经济发展之运输重任,如何藉由整体性体检进行安全评估及研订适当之维护补强对策,为计划执行重点;故本文将说明隧道接头、结构体等隧道重要构件之检测调查(如地球物理、钢筋腐蚀、裂缝深度、氯离子试验、防蚀电位、接头防水等项目)、数值分析及自动化监测(接缝计、单元沉陷仪、结构倾斜仪、电位计等)等综合评估结果及维护补强对策,以提供工程界日后参考.     

Climate change and the future Maritime Policy for the EU

A cross-cutting Maritime Policy can ensure that climate change threats and challenges in regards to seas and oceans are dealt with in a wide policy framework that takes into account the impacts that climate change may have on other sectors and vice versa.     

发电用燃料电池特性及其电力电子调节系统的专用解决方案

燃料电池(FC)通常输出直流低压.受工作条件影响,其输出电压不稳定,且动态响应明显慢于瞬变负载的要求,因此在许多应用中,燃料电池发电机必须与负载以及其它可能的能源/电源相连接.基于这些原因,燃料电池堆输出功率、蓄电池/超级电容器的输入/输出功率必须经过电力电子变换器进行调节.阐述了与燃料电池功率输出调节有关的主要问题,尤其考虑了在2种最重要的应用场合(微分布式发电或联产发电和运输系统)下,与其相连的.电力电子变流器的特定要求.主要讨论了燃料电池功率调节专用的DC/DC变换器的基本电路结构,着重考虑PEMFC技术.     

铁路客车电源设备

西门子公司从事铁路客车电源已有百余年历史,现代化客车能有今天的技术水平,主要在电能变换和配电方面取得很大进步.     

A study of train dwelling time at the hong kong mass transit railway system

This paper investigates the relationship between the dwelling time of trains and the crowding situations at Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations in Hong Kong. Regression models were established for the dwelling delays of trains due to congestion at stations, and a simulation model making use of the Monte-Carlo technique is developed to assess the reliability of the estimated train dwelling time. Therefore, the distribution and the confidence interval of the train dwelling time can be predicted on the basis of observed boarding and alighting distributions.