Spatial variability of the barotropic M2 constituent tidal current over the Rías Baixas Galician shelf (NW Spain)

Using current meters and systematically repeated vessel mounted ADCP data legs, we describe the role of the semidiurnal and diurnal constituents in the tidal currents and investigate the mesoscale variability of the M₂ tidal currents field along three cross-shelf legs over the Galician shelf. We found that the estimated values of the semi-major axes of the main semidiurnal tidal constituents are closely related to those obtained in previous research and that the tidal currents are predominantly semidiurnal. Amplitudes of the M₂ and S₂ semi-major axes constituents are comparable, and important fortnightly variability should thus be expected in the amplitude of the semidiurnal tidal currents. Vertical profiles of the semi-major axes of the main tidal constituents reveal that, in the absence of stratification, and far from the bottom frictional effects, the tidal currents are mostly barotropic. Over the slope, the tidal ellipses tilt from a north–south orientation toward the northeast–southwest direction and, as we go further into the shelf, their amplitude is increased, a feature that is reasonably explained by the transition from the dynamics of a Poincaré wave offshore to the dynamics of a northward alongshore propagating Kelvin wave over the shelf. The Ría de Vigo exerts a notable influence over the tidal currents, acting as an extension of the shelf and introducing a meridional variation in the orientation of the ellipses from the alongshore direction in the southern straight coast toward the northeast–southwest direction at the latitude of the Rías. Finally, the spatial fitting methods we tried have proved to be successful in VMADCP data detiding in this region.     

Empirical approaches to combining revealed and stated preference data: Some recent developments with reference to urban mode choice

This paper replaces the nested logit ‘trick’ used in estimation of a modal choice model, when stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data are pooled, with an error component mixed logit model that can (i) relax the IID condition attached to subsets of alternatives in nested logit models, (ii) accommodate correlated observations, and (iii) reveal the relevant scale parameter for subsets of alternatives. Such a model can also incorporate state dependence between data types and preference heterogeneity on observed attributes. An example of choice among bus, train and car modes illustrates the difference in empirical evidence, especially elasticity outputs.     

城市轨道交通新线设备国产化评审及进口设备免税申报管理

由于新建城市轨道交通的企业对新线设备国产化管理经验的不足,难以在较短时间内组织好新线设备国产化申报及进口设备免税申报工作。介绍了相关政策背景并分析申报管理的重难点,提出明确企业部门责职、规范流程的建议。通过明晰申报流程,理顺各种工作界面间的关系,帮助企业获得相关进口设备免税,以及顺利通过设备国产化审核。     

浅谈高速公路机电系统的防雷

高速公路机电系统既有强电设备又有大量弱电设备,极易遭受雷击,造成整个系统或部分设备损坏,因此机电系统的防雷问题应受到广泛的重视,介绍了高速公路机电设备防雷措施.     

面向车联网多点协作联合传输的安全认证与密钥更新方法

未来基于车联网的车路协同和自动驾驶场景要求车-车/车-路等网络通信在保证数据安全的前提下，具备低时延、高可靠的特性，从而保证车辆的行驶安全以及车/人的信息安全。LTE-V2X作为车联网通信方案之一，LTE的多点协作联合传输（Coordinated Multiple Points-Joint Transmission，CoMP-JT）技术不仅可以减少车辆在高速行驶过程中进行基站（Evolved Node B，eNB）切换时的通信中断，还能通过多个基站的协同传输来辅助提高网络的数据传输性能。然而当前LTE标准中的安全密钥管理方案无法满足多点协作联合传输过程中的密钥管理场景。针对该问题，提出一种可用于LTE-V2X车联网通信中多点协作传输切换的安全密钥生成与更新算法。该算法由车辆生成基站切换请求并使用随机数、共享密钥、目标基站公钥对切换请求进行加密、广播；基于密码学特性，目标基站不仅可基于私钥从密文请求中计算出共享密钥，还可以计算得到后续的会话密钥；车辆则可以基于目标基站位置信息、生成请求时的随机数计算出会话密钥，从而实现在只需要1次密钥传输的前提下，达成车辆与基站之间的密钥共享和密钥更新，并从密码学角度针对该密钥生成与更新算法进行验证分析。研究结果表明：在LTE-V2X多点协作传输时的基站切换过程中，该算法能够确保车辆与基站进行后向/前向密钥分离的安全认证以及会话密钥建立；与传统方案相比，所提方法可减少26.4%的基站切换过程中引入的通信时延，基站信道负载均仅为传统方案的1/2，并且随基站小区范围内车辆数目增加，基站的信道负载也仅线性增加，提升了该算法在LTE-V2X车联网场景中的适用性。     

温福铁路路堑高边坡预应力锚索锚固工程施工工艺

结合工程实例，介绍了在路堑高边坡防护工程中预应力锚索锚固的施工工艺，并通过对锚索的试验与监测，为高边坡锚固工程的动态设计提供有关参数，可供同类工程借鉴。     

Primary productivity and export fluxes on the Canadian shelf of the Beaufort Sea: A modelling study

We present a coupled sea ice–ocean-biological (including ice algae) model in the Arctic Ocean. The 1D model was developed and implemented on the Canadian Beaufort Sea shelf to examine the importance of different physical processes in controlling the timing and magnitude of primary production and biogenic particle export over an annual cycle (1987). Our results show that the snow and sea ice cover melt and/or break-up controls the timing of the phytoplankton bloom but primary producers (ice algae and phytoplankton) on the outer shelf are essentially nutrient limited. The total annual primary production (22.7 to 27.7 g-C m^? 2) is thus controlled by nutrient “pre-conditioning” in the previous fall and winter and by the depth of wind mixing that is controlled in part by the supply of fresh water at the end of spring (ice melt or runoff). The spring bloom represents about 40% of the total annual primary production and occurs in a period of the year when sampling is often lacking. Time interpolation of observed values to obtain total annual primary production, as done in many studies, was shown to lead to an underestimation of the actual production. Our simulated ratios of export to primary production vary between 0.42 and 0.44.     

Combustion development of a Bi-Fuel engine

Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated.